Lead Phosphate Particles in Tap Water: Challenges for Point-of-Use Filters

Lead Phosphate Particles in Tap Water: Challenges for Point-of-Use Filters
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自来水中的磷酸铅颗粒:使用点过滤器面临的挑战

DOI:
10.1021/acs.estlett.1c00055
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
10.9
通讯作者:
Giammar, Daniel E.
Giammar, Daniel E.
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Pan, Weiyi;Johnson, Elizabeth R.;Giammar, Daniel E.

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为了降低自来水中的铅浓度,水系统实施腐蚀控制处理,通常涉及添加正磷酸盐。由于NSF/ANSI 53(2018)认证的使用点(POU)过滤器可以将自来水中的铅去除到低于10 μg Pb/L,因此它们通常在紧急情况下分发或作为后续步骤,以引导服务线的去除或干扰。虽然这些过滤器被认证为可去除可溶性铅和颗粒铅,但本研究报告称,磷酸铅颗粒在某些条件下可以穿透POU过滤器。悬浮的磷酸铅颗粒的小尺寸和负表面电荷使它们更移动的通过POU过滤器的固体块活性炭介质。当使用含有150 μg Pb/L、2 mM离子强度(IS)且在pH 7.0下无硬度的挑战性水进行测试时,41%的Pb通过POU过滤器。然而,当IS增加到50 mM或Ca增加到0.5 mM时,渗透POU过滤器的Pb量分别降低到32%和17%。钙吸附到磷酸铅颗粒和高IS上促进聚集并增强POU过滤器性能。
To lower Pb concentrations in tap water, water systems implement corrosion control treatment that often involves the addition of orthophosphate. Because NSF/ANSI 53 (2018) certified point-of-use (POU) filters can remove Pb from tap water to less than 10 μg Pb/L, they are often distributed in emergencies or as follow-up steps to lead service line removals or disturbances. While these filters are certified for the removal of both soluble and particulate lead, this study reported that Pb phosphate particles can penetrate POU filters under certain conditions. The small sizes and negative surface charges of suspended Pb phosphate particles make them more mobile through the solid block activated carbon media of POU filters. When tested using challenging water containing 150 μg Pb/L, 2 mM ionic strength (IS), and no hardness at pH 7.0, 41% of the Pb passed through the POU filters. However, when IS was increased to 50 mM or Ca was increased to 0.5 mM, the amount of Pb penetrating the POU filters decreased to 32% and 17%, respectively. Adsorption of Ca onto Pb phosphate particles and high IS promotes aggregation and enhances POU filter performance.
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发表时间: 2019-04-16
影响因子: 2.1
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