An Analysis of Contemporary Morphological Concepts of Synaptic Remodelling in the CNS: Perforated Synapses Revisited
An Analysis of Contemporary Morphological Concepts of Synaptic Remodelling in the CNS: Perforated Synapses Revisited
复制标题
中枢神经系统突触重塑的当代形态学概念分析：重温穿孔突触
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
1995
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
R. Harris
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D.G. Jones;R. Harris
穿孔突触是指中枢神经系统中发现的突触类型。它们的特点是尺寸大，在横截面中观察时突触后密度不连续，在正面视图中观察时呈甜甜圈或马蹄形。在最近的形态学研究中，一种方法遵循了它们在整个发育和成熟过程中的特征，而其他方法则集中于它们在活动中可能的作用，包括点燃、长期增强、空间工作记忆、差异饲养和精神安定药的功能。对假设和模型进行了评估，这些假设和模型已被证明对穿孔突触的出现具有决定性作用，因为它们对突触可塑性具有重要意义。总结了它们的分布和频率，重点强调了无偏见体视学程序在其分析中的重要性。使用三维方法可以识别各种亚型。其中，复杂或碎片的亚型在突触可塑性方面显得尤为重要。研究了有关穿孔突触生命周期的想法。人们对它们起源于传统的、无穿孔突触、扩大并随后分裂以产生新一代无穿孔突触的观点进行了严格评估。根据另一种模型，穿孔和非穿孔突触从发育早期就构成了不同的群体，各自代表了突触可塑性的互补形式。还试图发现在正常衰老和阿尔茨海默病中对人脑的突触研究是否可以阐明穿孔突触在突触可塑性中的作用。阿尔茨海默病中突触的丧失可能包括穿孔突触的丧失——这对于理解某些神经病理学状况特别重要。
Perforated synapses refer to a synaptic type found in the central nervous system. They are characterized by their large size and by a discontinuity of the postsynaptic density when viewed in transverse sections, and by a doughnut or horseshoe shape when viewed in en face views. Of recent morphological studies, one approach has followed their characteristics throughout development and maturity, while others have concentrated on their probable roles in activities including kindling, long-term potentiation, spatial working memory, differential rearing, and the functioning of neuroleptics. An assessment is made of the hypotheses and models that have proved determinative in the emergence of perforated synapses as being significant in synaptic plasticity. Their distribution and frequency are summarized, with emphasis on the importance of unbiased stereological procedures in their analysis. Using three-dimensional approaches various subtypes are recognized. Of these, a complex or fragmented subtype appears of especial significance in synaptic plasticity. Ideas regarding the life-cycle of perforated synapses are examined. The view that they originate from conventional, non-perforated synapses, enlarge, and subsequently split to give rise to a new generation of non-perforated synapses, is critically assessed. According to an alternative model, perforated and non-perforated synapses constitute separate populations from early in their development, each representing complementary forms of synaptic plasticity. An attempt is also made to discover whether synaptic studies on the human brain in normal aging and in Alzheimer's disease throw light on the role of perforated synapses in synaptic plasticity. The loss of synapses in Alzheimer's disease may include a loss of perforated synapses - of particular relevance for an understanding of certain neuropathological conditions.
登录
查看更多内容
弥漫性斑块不会加剧阿尔茨海默氏病的突触损失。
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1990
期刊：
The American journal of pathology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Masliah,E;Terry,RD;Mallory,M;Alford,M;Hansen,LA
通讯作者：
Hansen,LA
长期丘脑刺激后成年猫运动皮层的突触增殖。
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Keller,A;Arissian,K;Asanuma,H
通讯作者：
Asanuma,H
海马突触修复：衰老的影响。
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1983
期刊：
Birth defects original article series
影响因子：
--
作者：
Cotman,CW;Hoff,SF
通讯作者：
Hoff,SF
孤立的突触连接结构中的蛋白质磷酸化：发育过程中的变化。
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Kelly,PT
通讯作者：
Kelly,PT
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1991
期刊：
The American journal of pathology
影响因子：
--
作者：
E. Masliah;R. Terry;Michael;Alford;R. DeTeresa;L. Hansen
通讯作者：
E. Masliah;R. Terry;Michael;Alford;R. DeTeresa;L. Hansen