The law in computation: What machine learning, artificial intelligence, and big data mean for law and society scholarship

The law in computation: What machine learning, artificial intelligence, and big data mean for law and society scholarship
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计算中的法律:机器学习、人工智能和大数据对法律和社会学术意味着什么

DOI:
10.1111/lapo.12164
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
影响因子:
1.3
通讯作者:
Raval, Noopur
Raval, Noopur
中科院分区:
法学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
DoCarmo, Tania;Rea, Stephen;Conaway, Evan;Emery, John;Raval, Noopur

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包括机器学习、人工智能和大数据分析在内的计算系统不仅是社会生活中不可避免的一部分,而且正在重塑法律和法律实践的轮廓。我们建议将更多的法律和社会科学(LSS)的注意力转向新的技术发展,通过研究“计算中的法律”,即计算系统与监管和行政程序的集成,支持它们的社会技术基础设施,以及它们对个人和群体如何通过法律受审的影响。我们在调查算法治理、管辖权和机构等三个领域提出了一系列案例,涉及移民执法、数据主权、算法战、生物识别身份制度和零工经济等问题,研究计算中的法律阐明了新技术系统与法律程序的整合如何将“书本上的法律”和“行动中的法律”之间的区别推向新的领域。在此基础上,提出了今后的研究方向和方法。随着计算系统变得越来越复杂,理解计算中的规律不仅对LSS奖学金至关重要,而且对日常公民也至关重要。
Computational systems, including machine learning, artificial intelligence, and big data analytics, are not only inescapable parts of social life but are also reshaping the contours of law and legal practice. We propose turning more law and social science (LSS) attention to new technological developments through the study of “law in computation,” that is, computational systems' integration with regulatory and administrative procedures, the sociotechnical infrastructures that support them, and their impact on how individuals and populations are interpellated through the law. We present a range of cases in three areas of inquiry ‐ algorithmic governance, jurisdiction and agency ‐ on issues such as immigration enforcement, data sovereignty, algorithmic warfare, biometric identity regimes, and gig economies, for which examining law in computation illuminates how new technological systems' integration with legal processes pushes the distinction between “law on the books” and “law in action” into new domains.We then propose future directions and methods for research. As computational systems become ever more sophisticated, understanding the law in computation is critical not only for LSS scholarship, but also for everyday civics.
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