In search of certainty in revolutionary India

In search of certainty in revolutionary India
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在革命的印度寻找确定性

DOI:
10.1007/s10624-009-9133-6
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发表时间:
2009
影响因子:
1.1
通讯作者:
Shah A
Shah A
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Shah A

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在这篇文章中,我关注的是一位在贾坎德的朋友的困境,他可能加入了印度毛派叛乱的革命武装小队。我展示了为什么一个人支持一个革命运动的问题,以及这种支持的性质,可以随着时间的推移而改变。特别是,我强调认识论和本体论的不确定性和确定性之间的辩证法的重要性,这可能是在革命运动的特定阶段进行革命的核心。这些辩证法不仅是对这场运动的意识形态承诺的本体论不确定性的结果,而且至关重要的是,它们还涉及在社会关系中寻求认识论上的清晰性,这些社会关系被想象为不那么不透明,因此更值得信赖。怀疑,一个人对自己的社会关系所知的不确定性,是伴随着这里所分析的革命形势中规范秩序的崩溃而出现的认识模糊的特征。在这种情况下,毛主义恐怖产生于创造认识上的清晰性,即在另一方,规范和关系将更加确定。这是一种从不确定性和矛盾心理中雕刻出来的确定性,一种否认或投射不确定性的确定性。它的武器是偏执狂,一种在怀疑的地方树敌的能力,一种在怀疑的地方背叛的能力。因此,潜在的革命者不仅不确定自己的意识形态承诺,而且,他们困境的一个关键组成部分可能是对他们所处的社会关系的不确定性,以及革命参与可能带来更多保障的希望。成为革命者也是为了寻求确定性。
In this article, I focus on the dilemmas of a friend in Jharkhand who might have joined the revolutionary armed squads of the Maoist insurgency in India. I show how the question of why one supports a revolutionary movement, as well as the nature of that support, can change over time. In particular, I stress the importance of the dialectics between epistemological and ontological uncertainty and certainty, which may be central to the making of a revolutionary in a particular phase of a revolutionary movement. These dialectics are not just the result of an ontological uncertainty of ideological commitment to the movement, but are crucially also about the search for epistemological clarity in social relations imagined to be less opaque and hence more trustworthy. Doubt, an uncertainty about what one knows about one’s social relationships is characteristic of the epistemic murk that accompanies the breakdown of the normative order in the revolutionary situation analysed here. In this context, Maoist terror arises from the creation of epistemic clarity—the possibility that on the other side norms and relationships will be more certain. This is a certainty that is carved out of uncertainty and ambivalence, a certainty that denies or projects away uncertainty. Its weapon is paranoia, an ability to make enemies where there would be doubt, betrayal where there would be benefit of the doubt. The potential revolutionary is therefore not only unsure about his/her ideological commitments, but moreover, a crucial component of their predicament might be an uncertainty about the social relations in which they find themselves and the hope that revolutionary engagement might come with more guarantees. Becoming a revolutionary is also about being in search of certainty.
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