Structure and function of natural antibodies.

Structure and function of natural antibodies.
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天然抗体的结构和功能。

DOI:
10.1007/978-3-642-85226-8_17
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发表时间:
1996
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Schettino,EW
Schettino,EW
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Casali,P;Schettino,EW

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自本世纪初以来,人们就认识到正常人和动物循环中存在免疫球蛋白(Ig),其结合多种外来抗原,例如细菌成分和产物、病毒、原生动物、真菌以及自身抗原,例如核酸、磷脂、红细胞、血清蛋白、细胞成分、胰岛素和甲状腺球蛋白[1-9]。因为它们的出现独立于已知和/或有意的免疫,所以这些抗体被称为“天然抗体”。与抗原诱导的抗体主要是 IgG 和单反应性相比,相当一部分天然抗体是 IgM 和多反应性,即它们以不同的亲和力结合几种不相关的抗原。天然的多反应性和单反应性 IgG 和 IgA 抗体也存在 [7]。绝大多数天然抗体,无论是 IgM、IgG 还是 IgA,都是由 CD5+ B 细胞(新生儿细胞库中的主要淋巴细胞)产生的 [10,11]。由于它们与多种微生物成分具有广泛的反应性,这些抗体可能在抵抗感染的主要防线中发挥重要作用。由于它们具有结合自身抗原的能力,它们可以作为自身免疫性疾病患者中出现的一些高亲和力自身抗体的模板,特别是那些与 CD5+ B 细胞显着扩增相关的抗体 [12-14]。
The presence of immunoglobulins (Ig) in the circulation of normal humans and animals that bind a variety of foreign antigens, such as bacterial components and products, viruses, protozoa, fungi, as well as self antigens, such as nucleic acids, phospholipids, erythrocytes, serum proteins, cellular components, insulin and thy-roglobulin, has been recognized since the beginning of this century [1–9]. Because their emergence is independent of known and/or intentional immunization, these antibodies have been termed “natural antibodies”. In contrast to antigen-induced antibodies, which are mainly IgG and monoreactive, a considerable proportion of natural antibodies are IgM and polyreactive, that is they bind several unrelated antigens with different affinities. Natural polyreactive and monoreactive IgG and IgA antibodies also exist [7]. The vast majority of natural antibodies, whether IgM, IgG or IgA, are produced by CD5+ B cells, the predominant lymphocytes in the neonatal cell repertoire [10,11]. Because of their broad reactivity with a variety of microbial components, diese antibodies may play a major role in the primary line of defense against infections. Owing to their ability to bind self antigens, they may serve as templates for some of the high-affinity autoantibodies that emerge in patients with autoimmune disease, particularly those associated with a significant expansion of CD5+ B cells [12–14].
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