An evolutionary tipping point in a changing environment

An evolutionary tipping point in a changing environment
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不断变化的环境中的进化转折点

DOI:
10.1111/evo.13374
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发表时间:
2017
期刊:
影响因子:
3.3
通讯作者:
C. Klausmeier
C. Klausmeier
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Matthew M. Osmond;C. Klausmeier

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种群可以通过进化在方向性变化的环境中持续存在。数量遗传学理论旨在预测环境变化的临界速度,超过这个速度,种群就会灭绝。在这里,我们指出,所有当前的预测实际上都假设了相同的特定适应度函数。这一功能使数量性状的标准遗传方差的选择随着平均性状值偏离其最佳值而变得越来越强。因此,进化的速度是没有界限的,持久性是由种群停止增长的环境变化的临界速度决定的。然后,我们证明,对潜在的适应度函数进行生物上合理的改变可以施加一个本质上不同的灭绝阈值。特别是,由弱化选择引起的拐点在选择强度上造成局部极值,从而在进化速度上造成极值。这些极端可能会产生进化的临界点,在这种情况下,长期人口增长率从正值下降到负值,而永远不会超过零。人们发现,通用的临界点预警信号几乎没有能力检测即将到来的物种灭绝,而且需要很难收集的数据。此外,我们还展示了进化临界点如何产生进化滞后,从而产生灭绝债务。
Populations can persist in directionally changing environments by evolving. Quantitative genetic theory aims to predict critical rates of environmental change beyond which populations go extinct. Here, we point out that all current predictions effectively assume the same specific fitness function. This function causes selection on the standing genetic variance of quantitative traits to become increasingly strong as mean trait values depart from their optima. Hence, there is no bound on the rate of evolution and persistence is determined by the critical rate of environmental change at which populations cease to grow. We then show that biologically reasonable changes to the underlying fitness function can impose a qualitatively different extinction threshold. In particular, inflection points caused by weakening selection create local extrema in the strength of selection and thus in the rate of evolution. These extrema can produce evolutionary tipping points, where long‐run population growth rates drop from positive to negative values without ever crossing zero. Generic early‐warning signs of tipping points are found to have little power to detect imminent extinction, and require hard‐to‐gather data. Furthermore, we show how evolutionary tipping points produce evolutionary hysteresis, creating extinction debts.
不断变化的环境中的适应和灭绝。
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-8882-0_12
发表时间: 1997
期刊: EXS.
影响因子: --
作者:
Burger,R;Lynch,M
通讯作者: Lynch,M