Microtomography of the Baltic amber tick Ixodes succineus reveals affinities with the modern Asian disease vector Ixodes ovatus.

Microtomography of the Baltic amber tick Ixodes succineus reveals affinities with the modern Asian disease vector Ixodes ovatus.
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DOI:
10.1186/s12862-016-0777-y
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发表时间:
2016-10-10
影响因子:
3.4
通讯作者:
Xiao X
Xiao X
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Dunlop JA;Apanaskevich DA;Lehmann J;Hoffmann R;Fusseis F;Ehlke M;Zachow S;Xiao X

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蜱虫化石极其罕见,1964年发现的来自始新世(约4400 - 4900万年前)波罗的海琥珀的琥珀硬蜱(Ixodes succineus Weidner)是现存硬蜱属(蜱螨目:硬蜱科)最古老的实例之一。先前的研究表明它与现代广泛分布的欧洲蓖子硬蜱(Ixodes ricinus,林奈,1758年)亲缘关系最为密切。 利用相衬同步辐射X射线断层扫描技术重新研究后,获得了质量极高的图像。这些图像确认该化石属于1795年拉特雷耶所命名的硬蜱属,但此处所解析出的特征表明它与亚洲的半跗硬蜱亚属(Partipalpiger Hoogstraal等人,1973年)及其唯一现存的(且具有医学重要性的)物种卵形硬蜱(Ixodes ovatus Neumann,1899年)具有亲缘关系。我们在此将该琥珀化石重新描述为半跗硬蜱亚属的琥珀硬蜱(Ixodes (Partipalpiger) succineus)。 我们的数据表明,蓖子硬蜱不太可能直接由魏德纳所发现的琥珀物种演化而来,反而揭示了半跗硬蜱谱系最初在北半球分布更为广泛。琥珀硬蜱(Ixodes (P.) succineus)与多种病原体的现存传播媒介关系密切,这为将其时空位置(约5000万年前的北欧)与各种蜱传疾病的估计起源时间相关联提供了可能。 本文的网络版(doi:10.1186/s12862 - 016 - 0777 - y)包含补充材料,授权用户可获取。
Fossil ticks are extremely rare and Ixodes succineus Weidner, 1964 from Eocene (ca. 44–49 Ma) Baltic amber is one of the oldest examples of a living hard tick genus (Ixodida: Ixodidae). Previous work suggested it was most closely related to the modern and widespread European sheep tick Ixodes ricinus (Linneaus, 1758). Restudy using phase contrast synchrotron x-ray tomography yielded images of exceptional quality. These confirm the fossil’s referral to Ixodes Latreille, 1795, but the characters resolved here suggest instead affinities with the Asian subgenus Partipalpiger Hoogstraal et al., 1973 and its single living (and medically significant) species Ixodes ovatus Neumann, 1899. We redescribe the amber fossil here as Ixodes (Partipalpiger) succineus. Our data suggest that Ixodes ricinus is unlikely to be directly derived from Weidner’s amber species, but instead reveals that the Partipalpiger lineage was originally more widely distributed across the northern hemisphere. The closeness of Ixodes (P.) succineus to a living vector of a wide range of pathogens offers the potential to correlate its spatial and temporal position (northern Europe, nearly 50 million years ago) with the estimated origination dates of various tick-borne diseases. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0777-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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