New Insights on Plant Salt Tolerance Mechanisms and Their Potential Use for Breeding.
New Insights on Plant Salt Tolerance Mechanisms and Their Potential Use for Breeding.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2016.01787
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Masmoudi K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hanin M;Ebel C;Ngom M;Laplaze L;Masmoudi K
土壤盐碱化是干旱和半干旱地区农业的一个主要威胁，在这些地区，水资源短缺和灌溉地排水不足严重降低了作物产量。盐的积累抑制植物生长，降低吸收水分和养分的能力，导致渗透或水分亏缺胁迫。盐也导致年轻的光合叶片的损伤和加速它们的衰老，因为Na+阳离子在细胞胞质溶胶中积累时是有毒的，导致离子失衡和蒸腾叶片的毒性。为了应对盐胁迫，植物主要进化了两种类型的耐受机制，一种是基于限制根对盐的进入，另一种是基于控制盐的浓度和分布。了解Na+积累的整体控制和参与运输过程的基因的功能研究，将提供一个新的机会，以提高植物的耐盐性相关的粮食安全在干旱地区。更好地了解这些耐受机制可以用于培育在盐胁迫下具有改善的产量表现的作物。此外，与固氮细菌和丛枝菌根真菌的文化协会可以作为一种替代和可持续的战略，以增加作物产量在受盐影响的领域。
Soil salinization is a major threat to agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions, where water scarcity and inadequate drainage of irrigated lands severely reduce crop yield. Salt accumulation inhibits plant growth and reduces the ability to uptake water and nutrients, leading to osmotic or water-deficit stress. Salt is also causing injury of the young photosynthetic leaves and acceleration of their senescence, as the Na+ cation is toxic when accumulating in cell cytosol resulting in ionic imbalance and toxicity of transpiring leaves. To cope with salt stress, plants have evolved mainly two types of tolerance mechanisms based on either limiting the entry of salt by the roots, or controlling its concentration and distribution. Understanding the overall control of Na+ accumulation and functional studies of genes involved in transport processes, will provide a new opportunity to improve the salinity tolerance of plants relevant to food security in arid regions. A better understanding of these tolerance mechanisms can be used to breed crops with improved yield performance under salinity stress. Moreover, associations of cultures with nitrogen-fixing bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi could serve as an alternative and sustainable strategy to increase crop yields in salt-affected fields.
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