The COVID-19 Pandemic-an Epidemiological Perspective.
The COVID-19 Pandemic-an Epidemiological Perspective.
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从流行病学角度看COVID-19大流行。
DOI：
10.1007/s11882-021-01007-w
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发表时间：
2021-04-28
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Trilla A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vilella A;Trilla A
持续的COVID-19大流行是全球高度关注的问题。在第一波之后，一些国家，特别是欧洲联盟国家，在第二波大流行病中的病例数迅速增加。卫生系统面临压力;医院病床和ICU病床越来越多地被COVID-19患者占用，医院正在努力保持正常运营。我们回顾了这一新疾病的一些基本流行病学数据，涉及其外观、生殖率、传播方式、病例数、死亡率、诊断检测的有用性、基本治疗选择以及预防和控制战略，包括疫苗。基本的控制策略福尔斯可分为两类：主动攻击（控制）或有组织的防御（缓解）。控制策略依赖于COVID-19的经典检测、追踪和追踪可能的病例。这些行动借鉴了经典的流行病学：积极发现和检测病例，如果呈阳性，则隔离10天，并在需要时进行治疗。与此同时，寻找密切接触者，必要时对其进行检测，并隔离和监测10至14天，以切断传播链。缓解战略包括保护面临严重疾病风险增加的人的基本措施，如社交距离，在不可能保持社交距离时戴口罩，避开人群，避免室内拥挤的空间，增加室内通风，经常洗手或消毒。这些措施还包括有针对性地限制人们的流动性，以及在第一波浪潮中广泛使用的封锁，以使卫生系统免受影响，在目前强劲的第二波浪潮中，欧洲再次变得不堪重负，越来越多地使用封锁。等待有效和安全的疫苗和治疗，阻止持续的COVID-19传播是我们唯一的防御墙。我们还不知道哪一种或哪几种策略效果最好。我们都必须作为一个团队，对这一流行病作出适当的反应。我们只有一个世界和一个健康。在所有人都安全之前，没有人会安全。
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is a matter of great concern worldwide. After the first wave, several countries, notably in the European Union, are suffering a very rapid increase in the number of cases in the pandemic second wave. Health systems are under stress; hospital beds and ICU beds are increasingly occupied by COVID-19 patients, and hospitals are struggling to keep their normal operations. We review some basic epidemiological data of this new disease, regarding its appearance, reproductive rate, ways of transmission, number of cases, death rate, usefulness of diagnostic tests, basic treatment options, and prevention and control strategies, including vaccines. The basic control strategy falls into two well established categories: active attack (control) or organized defense (mitigation). The control strategy relies on classic testing, tracing, and tracking possible cases of COVID-19. Those actions draw from classical epidemiology: to actively find and detect cases, isolate if positive for 10 days and treat when needed. At the same time, the search for close contacts, test them when needed and quarantine and monitor for 10 to 14 days in order to break chains of transmission. The mitigation strategy include basic measures to protect people at increased risk of severe illness, like social distancing, wearing a mask when social distancing is not possible, avoiding crowds, avoiding indoor crowded spaces, increase ventilation indoors and washing or sanitizing hands often. They include also targeted restrictions in people’s mobility, and lock-downs, widely used during the first wave in order to spare the health system, become overwhelmed and increasingly used in Europe once more in the current strong second wave. Waiting for effective and safe vaccines and treatments, stopping the ongoing COVID-19 transmission is our only defense wall. We do not know yet which strategy or strategies worked best. We all must work as a team to give an adequate response to this pandemic. We have just one world and one health. Nobody will be safe until everybody is safe.
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影响因子：
7.3
作者：
Flanagan KL;Best E;Crawford NW;Giles M;Koirala A;Macartney K;Russell F;Teh BW;Wen SC
通讯作者：
Wen SC
影响因子：
168.9
作者：
Wu, Joseph T.;Leung, Kathy;Leung, Gabriel M.
通讯作者：
Leung, Gabriel M.
影响因子：
39.2
作者：
Lauer, Stephen A.;Grantz, Kyra H.;Lessler, Justin
通讯作者：
Lessler, Justin
DOI：
10.1016/j.cmi.2020.04.023
发表时间：
2020-07-01
期刊：
Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
影响因子：
--
作者：
Cevik, M;Bamford, C G G;Ho, A
通讯作者：
Ho, A
影响因子：
168.9
作者：
Lu, Roujian;Zhao, Xiang;Tan, Wenjie
通讯作者：
Tan, Wenjie