Facial color is an efficient mechanism to visually transmit emotion.
Facial color is an efficient mechanism to visually transmit emotion.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1716084115
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发表时间：
2018-04-03
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Martinez AM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Benitez-Quiroz CF;Srinivasan R;Martinez AM
情绪对应于中枢神经系统执行的一系列计算。以前的研究已经研究了这样一种假设，即其中一些计算产生了视觉上可识别的面部肌肉运动。在这里，我们研究补充假设，即这些计算中的一些会产生面部血流变化，这些变化是每种情绪的类别和价态所独有的。观察者可以看到这些血流变化作为特定的面部颜色模式，然后他们可以成功地解码情绪。我们提出了一致的计算和行为证据，支持这一假设。我们的研究表明，即使在没有任何面部肌肉运动的情况下，人们也能从这些面部颜色中识别出正确的情绪类别和价态。人类的面部表情被认为是通过收缩面部肌肉产生的，通常被称为动作单位。然而，面部表面也有一个大的血管网络。这些血管中的血流变化会导致面部可见的颜色变化。在这里，我们研究了一种假设，即这些可见的面部颜色允许观察者即使在没有面部肌肉激活的情况下也能成功地传递和视觉解释情绪。为了研究这一假设，我们解决了以下两个问题。可观察到的面部颜色在情绪类别和正负价态之间是否一致和区别？人类的视觉系统会使用这些面部颜色来解码面部表情吗？这些问题表明，存在一种重要的、未被探索的机制，即发送者产生面部表情和观察者对其进行视觉解释的机制。我们的研究结果为我们的假设提供了支持的证据。我们表明，即使在没有任何面部肌肉激活的情况下，人们也可以成功地使用这些颜色特征来解码情绪。我们还证明了这种颜色信号独立于面部肌肉运动提供的颜色信号。这些结果支持了一个修正的面部表情产生和感知模型，该模型认为面部颜色是视觉上传递和解码情绪的有效机制。
Emotions correspond to the execution of a number of computations by the central nervous system. Previous research has studied the hypothesis that some of these computations yield visually identifiable facial muscle movements. Here, we study the supplemental hypothesis that some of these computations yield facial blood flow changes unique to the category and valence of each emotion. These blood flow changes are visible as specific facial color patterns to observers, who can then successfully decode the emotion. We present converging computational and behavioral evidence in favor of this hypothesis. Our studies demonstrate that people identify the correct emotion category and valence from these facial colors, even in the absence of any facial muscle movement. Facial expressions of emotion in humans are believed to be produced by contracting one’s facial muscles, generally called action units. However, the surface of the face is also innervated with a large network of blood vessels. Blood flow variations in these vessels yield visible color changes on the face. Here, we study the hypothesis that these visible facial colors allow observers to successfully transmit and visually interpret emotion even in the absence of facial muscle activation. To study this hypothesis, we address the following two questions. Are observable facial colors consistent within and differential between emotion categories and positive vs. negative valence? And does the human visual system use these facial colors to decode emotion from faces? These questions suggest the existence of an important, unexplored mechanism of the production of facial expressions of emotion by a sender and their visual interpretation by an observer. The results of our studies provide evidence in favor of our hypothesis. We show that people successfully decode emotion using these color features, even in the absence of any facial muscle activation. We also demonstrate that this color signal is independent from that provided by facial muscle movements. These results support a revised model of the production and perception of facial expressions of emotion where facial color is an effective mechanism to visually transmit and decode emotion.
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影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Fernandez-Dols, Jose-Miguel;Crivelli, Carlos
通讯作者：
Crivelli, Carlos
影响因子：
9.3
作者：
Barrett LF
通讯作者：
Barrett LF
影响因子：
6.2
作者：
Jimenez, Jorge;Scully, Timothy;Weyrich, Tim
通讯作者：
Weyrich, Tim
影响因子：
8.2
作者：
Barrett LF;Kensinger EA
通讯作者：
Kensinger EA
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1322355111
发表时间：
2014-04-15
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Du, Shichuan;Tao, Yong;Martinez, Aleix M.
通讯作者：
Martinez, Aleix M.