The role of gene dosage in budding yeast centrosome scaling and spontaneous diploidization.
The role of gene dosage in budding yeast centrosome scaling and spontaneous diploidization.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pgen.1008911
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发表时间：
2020-12
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Jaspersen SL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen J;Xiong Z;Miller DE;Yu Z;McCroskey S;Bradford WD;Cavanaugh AM;Jaspersen SL
倍性是一个物种中整套染色体的数量。倍性通常是一种稳定的细胞特征，对生存至关重要。多倍体化是一种被认为可增加基因剂量、在应激条件下提高适应性并促进进化多样性的途径。然而，倍性的调控和维持机制尚未得到很好的表征。在此，我们研究了与酿酒酵母中心体（称为纺锤极体，SPB）组分突变相关的自发二倍体化。尽管SPB突变体与纺锤体形成缺陷有关，但我们表明在某些情况下，单倍体酵母中的两个突变体拷贝有利于二倍体化，这使我们推测二倍体中增加的基因剂量“挽救”了SPB复制缺陷，使细胞能够以稳定的二倍体核型成功繁殖。这种基于拷贝数的挽救与SPB的比例缩放有关：某些SPB亚复合物不随倍性缩放或仅极小程度地缩放。我们假设在具有不相容异速生长关系的结构（如中心体）中的损伤可能驱动诸如全基因组复制等变化，这些变化塑造了许多真核生物的进化格局。
倍性是一个物种中整套染色体的数量。大多数真核生物在其生命和有性生殖周期中在二倍体（两份拷贝）和单倍体（一份拷贝）状态之间交替。然而，作为人类正常发育的一部分，特定组织会增加其DNA含量。这种整套染色体的增加被称为多倍体化，在无脊椎动物、植物和真菌中也能观察到。多倍体被认为可在应激条件下提高适应性并促进进化多样性，但倍性是如何确定的却知之甚少。在此，我们利用芽殖酵母来研究野生型细胞倍性以及影响中心体的特定突变体的潜在机制，中心体是细胞分裂过程中参与染色体分离的一种保守结构。我们的工作表明，基因组与细胞结构之间不同的比例缩放关系（异速生长）是倍性改变的基础。此外，与基因组具有不相容异速生长关系的细胞结构中的突变可能驱动基因组变化，如复制，这是包括酵母和人类在内的许多物种进化的基础。
Ploidy is the number of whole sets of chromosomes in a species. Ploidy is typically a stable cellular feature that is critical for survival. Polyploidization is a route recognized to increase gene dosage, improve fitness under stressful conditions and promote evolutionary diversity. However, the mechanism of regulation and maintenance of ploidy is not well characterized. Here, we examine the spontaneous diploidization associated with mutations in components of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae centrosome, known as the spindle pole body (SPB). Although SPB mutants are associated with defects in spindle formation, we show that two copies of the mutant in a haploid yeast favors diploidization in some cases, leading us to speculate that the increased gene dosage in diploids ‘rescues’ SPB duplication defects, allowing cells to successfully propagate with a stable diploid karyotype. This copy number-based rescue is linked to SPB scaling: certain SPB subcomplexes do not scale or only minimally scale with ploidy. We hypothesize that lesions in structures with incompatible allometries such as the centrosome may drive changes such as whole genome duplication, which have shaped the evolutionary landscape of many eukaryotes. Ploidy is the number of whole sets of chromosomes in a species. Most eukaryotes alternate between a diploid (two copy) and haploid (one copy) state during their life and sexual cycle. However, as part of normal human development, specific tissues increase their DNA content. This gain of entire sets of chromosomes is known as polyploidization, and it is observed in invertebrates, plants and fungi, as well. Polyploidy is thought to improve fitness under stressful conditions and promote evolutionary diversity, but how ploidy is determined is poorly understood. Here, we use budding yeast to investigate mechanisms underlying the ploidy of wild-type cells and specific mutants that affect the centrosome, a conserved structure involved in chromosome segregation during cell division. Our work suggests that different scaling relationships (allometry) between the genome and cellular structures underlies alterations in ploidy. Furthermore, mutations in cellular structures with incompatible allometric relationships with the genome may drive genomic changes such duplications, which are underly the evolution of many species including both yeasts and humans.
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影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Chen, Guangbo;Bradford, William D.;Seidel, Chris W.;Li, Rong
通讯作者：
Li, Rong
DOI：
10.1083/jcb.133.1.111
发表时间：
1996-04
期刊：
The Journal of cell biology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Sundberg HA;Goetsch L;Byers B;Davis TN
通讯作者：
Davis TN
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Agarwal M;Jin H;McClain M;Fan J;Koch BA;Jaspersen SL;Yu HG
通讯作者：
Yu HG
影响因子：
21.3
作者：
Fischer, T;Rodríguez-Navarro, S;Hurt, E
通讯作者：
Hurt, E
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Antoniacci, LM;Kenna, MA;Skibbens, RV
通讯作者：
Skibbens, RV