COVID-19: angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression and tissue susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

COVID-19: angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression and tissue susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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DOI:
10.1007/s10096-020-04138-6
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发表时间:
2021-05
期刊:
European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Rangel ÉB
Rangel ÉB
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Beyerstedt S;Casaro EB;Rangel ÉB

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COVID-19大流行是由新型冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2引起的。血管紧张素转换酶2(ACE 2)不仅是一种酶,也是细胞表面的一种功能性受体,SARS冠状病毒通过ACE 2进入宿主细胞,并在心脏、肾脏和肺中高度表达,然后流入血浆。ACE 2是肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统(RAAS)的关键调节因子。SARS-CoV-2导致ACE/ACE 2平衡破坏和RAAS激活,最终导致COVID-19进展,特别是在合并症患者中,如高血压、糖尿病和心血管疾病。因此,ACE 2表达可能具有矛盾的作用,有助于SARS-CoV-2致病性,但反过来限制病毒感染。本文综述了ACE 2在COVID-19背景下的现有文献和知识,重点关注其在疾病进展、临床结局和治疗潜力中的病理生理参与。
COVID-19 pandemic is caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is not only an enzyme but also a functional receptor on cell surfaces through which SARS-CoV-2 enters the host cells and is highly expressed in the heart, kidneys, and lungs and shed into the plasma. ACE2 is a key regulator of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS). SARS-CoV-2 causes ACE/ACE2 balance disruption and RAAS activation, which leads ultimately to COVID-19 progression, especially in patients with comorbidities, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, ACE2 expression may have paradoxical effects, aiding SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity, yet conversely limiting viral infection. This article reviews the existing literature and knowledge of ACE2 in COVID-19 setting and focuses on its pathophysiologic involvement in disease progression, clinical outcomes, and therapeutic potential.
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