When your cap matters: structural insights into self vs non-self recognition of 5' RNA by immunomodulatory host proteins.

When your cap matters: structural insights into self vs non-self recognition of 5' RNA by immunomodulatory host proteins.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.sbi.2016.02.001
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发表时间:
2016-02
影响因子:
6.8
通讯作者:
Amarasinghe GK
Amarasinghe GK
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Leung DW;Amarasinghe GK

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宿主蛋白质必须区分病毒RNA和自身RNA以触发免疫反应。5′ RNA帽是宿主信号传导的关键特异性决定因子。病毒使用多种机制来逃避宿主RNA传感器。RNA帽合成和识别提出了新的治疗靶点。病毒RNA的胞浆识别对于宿主先天免疫应答是重要的。自我与非自我RNA的差异识别是一个相当大的挑战,因为无法区分可能会引发异常的免疫反应。最近的工作确定了RNA 5′的组成,包括5′帽及其甲基化状态,作为宿主识别的重要决定因素。最近的研究使我们对修饰的5′ RNA识别和RNA受体的病毒拮抗作用有了进一步的认识。在这里,我们将讨论RIG-I和IFIT蛋白作为分别检测dsRNA和ssRNA的宿主蛋白的例子。
Host proteins must distinguish viral RNA from self RNA to trigger immune responses. 5′ RNA cap is key specificity determinant of host signaling. Viruses use a variety of mechanisms to evade host RNA sensors. RNA cap synthesis and recognition present novel therapeutic targets. Cytosolic recognition of viral RNA is important for host innate immune responses. Differential recognition of self vs non-self RNA is a considerable challenge as the inability to differentiate may trigger aberrant immune responses. Recent work identified the composition of the RNA 5′, including the 5′ cap and its methylation state, as an important determinant of recognition by the host. Recent studies have advanced our understanding of the modified 5′ RNA recognition and viral antagonism of RNA receptors. Here, we will discuss RIG-I and IFIT proteins as examples of host proteins that detect dsRNA and ssRNA, respectively.
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