Origin and function of stomata in the moss Physcomitrella patens.
Origin and function of stomata in the moss Physcomitrella patens.
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DOI：
10.1038/nplants.2016.179
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发表时间：
2016-11-28
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影响因子：
18
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中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
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气孔是植物表面的微观阀门，起源于4亿多年前，通过允许有效的气体交换和植物水合作用促进了地球大陆的绿化。然而，调控非维管陆地植物气孔发育的核心遗传机制知之甚少，其功能一直是一个世纪的争论问题。在这里，我们表明，基因编码的两个基本的螺旋-环-螺旋蛋白PpSMF 1和PpSCRM 1的苔藓小立碗藓是orthopathic到转录调节气孔发育的开花植物拟南芥和气孔形成所必需的苔藓。靶向敲除PpSMF 1或PpSCRM 1缺失的展枝青霉突变体产生的配子体与野生型植物没有区别，但产生的突变孢子体缺乏气孔。蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用分析揭示了PpSMF 1和PpSCRM 1之间的异二聚体化，这与苔藓-被子植物基因互补一起，表明异二聚体SMF 1和SCRM 1单位的深层功能保守性，所述异二聚体SMF 1和SCRM 1单位需要激活苔藓气孔发育的转录，如在A. thaliana.此外，Δ PpSMF 1和Δ PpSCRM 1突变体的无气孔孢子体开裂延迟，表明气孔可能促进了第一个复杂陆生植物孢子体的开裂。
Stomata are microscopic valves on plant surfaces that originated over 400 million years ago and facilitated the greening of Earth’s continents by permitting efficient shoot-atmosphere gas exchange and plant hydration. However, the core genetic machinery regulating stomatal development in non-vascular land plants is poorly understood and their function has remained a matter of debate for a century. Here, we show that genes encoding the two basic helix-loop-helix proteins PpSMF1 and PpSCRM1 in the moss Physcomitrella patens are orthologous to transcriptional regulators of stomatal development in the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana and essential for stomata formation in moss. Targeted knock-out P. patens mutants lacking either PpSMF1 or PpSCRM1 develop gametophytes indistinguishable from wild-type plants but mutant sporophytes lacking stomata. Protein-protein interaction assays reveal heterodimerisation between PpSMF1 and PpSCRM1 which, together with moss-angiosperm gene complementations, suggests deep functional conservation of the heterodimeric SMF1 and SCRM1 unit required to activate transcription for moss stomatal development, as in A. thaliana. Moreover, stomata-less sporophytes of ΔPpSMF1 and ΔPpSCRM1 mutants exhibited delayed dehiscence, implying stomata might have promoted dehiscence in the first complex land plant sporophytes.
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