Exploring the causes and consequences of maternal metabolic maladaptations during pregnancy: Lessons from animal models.
Exploring the causes and consequences of maternal metabolic maladaptations during pregnancy: Lessons from animal models.
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探索怀孕期间母体代谢失调的原因和后果：来自动物模型的教训。
DOI：
10.1016/j.placenta.2020.01.015
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发表时间：
2020-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Yong HEJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sferruzzi-Perri AN;Lopez-Tello J;Napso T;Yong HEJ
怀孕是一个显着的生理状态，在此期间，母亲的代谢系统进行调整，以确保营养物质可用于转移到胎儿的生长和发育。怀孕期间母体代谢的适应性受到母体代谢和营养状况以及胎盘产生的内分泌因子的影响，这些因子发挥代谢作用。怀孕期间对母体代谢的调整不足或不当，可能导致妊娠并发症，对儿童和母亲的健康产生重要的短期和长期影响。这在妊娠糖尿病中非常明显，其特征是葡萄糖耐受不良和胰岛素抵抗高于正常妊娠的预期。妊娠糖尿病与胎儿体重增加和/或肥胖增加、更高的仪器分娩率以及母亲和儿童长期发展为2型糖尿病的风险更大有关。然而，尽管怀孕期间这种代谢失衡对健康有负面影响，但导致这些变化的确切机制在很大程度上仍然未知。本综述介绍了动态妊娠特定的变化，发生在怀孕期间的母亲的代谢系统。它还讨论了在实验动物中使用手术，药理学，遗传学和饮食方法的发现，这些方法强调了导致代谢功能障碍的母体组织中途径的作用，特别关注妊娠期糖尿病。最后，它总结了主要采用基因靶向和激素管理的啮齿动物，阐明了胎盘内分泌功能的参与，推动母体代谢适应的工作。虽然目前的动物模型可能无法完全复制在人类中观察到的情况，但这些模型有助于表明母体代谢生理学变化与胎盘产生的内分泌因子之间存在动态相互作用，这些内分泌因子控制着生长中胎儿的营养物质可用性。然而，需要更多的工作来具体确定胎盘驱动的母体代谢生理学变化，以确保妊娠期间胰岛素的产生和作用水平适当。在这样做的过程中，这些研究可能为了解妊娠糖尿病等妊娠并发症的发展铺平道路，并进一步了解2型糖尿病和更广泛的代谢生理学控制。
Pregnancy is a remarkable physiological state, during which the metabolic system of the mother adapts to ensure that nutrients are made available for transfer to the fetus for growth and development. Adaptations of maternal metabolism during pregnancy are influenced by the metabolic and nutritional status of the mother and the production of endocrine factors by the placenta that exert metabolic effects. Insufficient or inappropriate adaptations in maternal metabolism during pregnancy may lead to pregnancy complications with important short- and long-term effects for both the health of the child and mother. This is very evident in gestational diabetes, which is marked by greater glucose intolerance and insulin resistance above that expected of a normal pregnancy. Gestational diabetes is associated with increased fetal weight and/or increased adiposity, higher instrumented delivery rates and greater risks for both mother and child of developing type 2 diabetes in the long-term. However, despite the negative health impacts of such metabolic imbalances during pregnancy, the precise mechanisms responsible for orchestrating these changes remain largely unknown. The present review describes the dynamic pregnancy-specific changes that occur in the metabolic system of the mother during pregnancy. It also discusses findings using surgical, pharmacological, genetic and dietary methods in experimental animals that highlight the role of pathways in maternal tissues that lead to metabolic dysfunction, with a particular focus on gestational diabetes. Finally, it summarises the work largely employing gene targeting and hormone administration in rodents that have illuminated the involvement of placental endocrine function in driving maternal metabolic adaptations. While current animal models may not fully replicate what is observed in humans, these have been instrumental in showing that there is a dynamic interplay between changes in maternal metabolic physiology and the placental production of endocrine factors that govern the availability of nutrients to the growing fetus. However, more work is required to specifically identify the placenta-driven changes in maternal metabolic physiology that ensure the appropriate level of insulin production and action during pregnancy. In doing so, these studies may pave the way to understanding the development of pregnancy complications like gestational diabetes, as well as further our understanding of type-2 diabetes and the control of metabolic physiology more broadly.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1515484112
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2015-10-13
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DOI：
10.1152/ajpendo.00124.2001
发表时间：
2002-03-01
影响因子：
5.1
作者：
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