Public perceptions of the effectiveness of recommended non-pharmaceutical intervention behaviors to mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
Public perceptions of the effectiveness of recommended non-pharmaceutical intervention behaviors to mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0241662
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Zimet GD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kasting ML;Head KJ;Hartsock JA;Sturm L;Zimet GD
无论从范围还是应对措施来看，COVID-19 大流行都是前所未有的公共卫生威胁。由于没有疫苗可用，建议公众采取非药物干预措施（NPI），包括保持社交距离、戴口罩和洗手。然而，公众对这些措施有效性的看法知之甚少，而高感知有效性对于实现 NPI 的广泛采用可能至关重要。 2020 年 5 月，我们对美国成年人进行了一项横断面调查（N = 3,474）。主要结果是一项六项措施，评估预防 SARS-CoV-2 感染的推荐行为的感知有效性，从 1（完全无效）到 5（非常有效）。样本被分为“较高”和“较低”感知有效性组。协变量包括人口统计数据、医疗保健特征和健康信念。将双变量分析中 p<0.01 显着的变量输入多变量逻辑回归，并使用 p<0.01 的截断值创建最佳拟合模型以保留在模型中。平均年龄为 45.5 岁，大多数参与者是非西班牙裔白人 (63%) 和女性 (52.4%)。高感知有效性组略大于低感知有效性组（52.7% vs. 47.3%）。几乎所有健康信念变量在最佳拟合回归模型中都很显着。与 COVID-19 相关的担忧（aOR = 1.82；95% CI = 1.64–2.02）和感知到的身体健康威胁（aOR = 1.32；95% CI = 1.20–1.45）与感知到的有效性呈正相关，而感知到的 COVID-19 严重程度（0.84；95% CI = 0.73–0.96）和感知到的感染可能性（0.85；95% CI = 0.73–0.96） 95% CI = 0.77–0.94）改变了调整后模型的方向，并且与感知有效性呈负相关。这项研究表明，人们普遍认为 NPI 是有效的，但根据健康信念存在差异，并且这些行为的参与率参差不齐。公共卫生工作应侧重于提高对 SARS-CoV-2 相关疾病的严重性和威胁的认识，同时促进 NPI 有效减少威胁。
The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented public health threat, both in scope and response. With no vaccine available, the public is advised to practice non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) including social distancing, mask-wearing, and washing hands. However, little is known about public perceptions of the effectiveness of these measures, and high perceived effectiveness is likely to be critical in order to achieve widespread adoption of NPI. In May 2020, we conducted a cross-sectional survey among U.S. adults (N = 3,474). The primary outcome was a six-item measure assessing perceived effectiveness of recommended behaviors to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection from 1 (not at all effective) to 5 (extremely effective). The sample was divided into “higher” and “lower” perceived effectiveness groups. Covariates included demographics, healthcare characteristics, and health beliefs. Variables that were significant at p<0.01 in bivariate analyses were entered into a multivariable logistic regression and a best-fit model was created using a cutoff of p<0.01 to stay in the model. Mean age was 45.5 years and most participants were non-Hispanic White (63%) and female (52.4%). The high perceived effectiveness group was slightly larger than the low perceived effectiveness group (52.7% vs. 47.3%). Almost all health belief variables were significant in the best-fit regression model. COVID-19-related worry (aOR = 1.82; 95% CI = 1.64–2.02), and perceived threat to physical health (aOR = 1.32; 95% CI = 1.20–1.45) were positively associated with perceived effectiveness while perceived severity of COVID-19 (0.84; 95% CI = 0.73–0.96) and perceived likelihood of infection (0.85; 95% CI = 0.77–0.94) switched directions in the adjusted model and were negatively associated with perceived effectiveness. This research indicates people generally believe NPI are effective, but there was variability based on health beliefs and there are mixed rates of engagement in these behaviors. Public health efforts should focus on increasing perceived severity and threat of SARS-CoV-2-related disease, while promoting NPI as effective in reducing threat.
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