Summation of large numerousness by newborn chicks.
Summation of large numerousness by newborn chicks.
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新生小鸡大量的总和。
DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00179
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Vallortigara G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rugani R;Regolin L;Vallortigara G
刚孵出的家养小鸡，用相同的物体饲养，当看到一组3个物体和一组2个物体一个接一个地消失在不同的屏幕后，它们会自发地检查挡住较大物体的屏幕；即使控制了连续变量（面积或周长）（Rugani et al.,）。在这里，使用类似的范例，我们研究了小鸡对更大的对象集进行加法的能力。雏鸡被印在5个相同的物体上，在测试中分别呈现6个和9个物体，这些物体一个接一个地消失（实验1）。在Exp. 2中，使用了相同的对象总数（15），但使用了增加的比率，即5 vs. 10。在这两个实验中，当连续变量不相等时，小鸡自发地检查遮挡较大集合的屏幕。然而，当调整物体的大小，使两组物体的总表面积或周长相等时，小鸡没有表现出任何偏好。在控制条件下缺乏选择可能是由于偏好的组合；重新加入更大的数量以及更大的对象（Rugani et al.,）。在实验3中，在印记过程中，小鸡熟悉不同尺寸的物体，试图减少或抑制它们接近比熟悉的物体更大的物体的倾向。当连续变量相等时，雏鸡在5个和10个物体之间无法做出选择。结果显示，小鸡在一个接一个地展示大量物体后，重新加入到更大的集合中。为了选择更大的集合，小鸡估计两个集合中的物体，然后比较结果。然而，与小数量不同的是，小鸡只有在非数字线索和数字线索同时存在的情况下才会成功。这项研究表明，连续变量是由小鸡计算的，这些对象在同一时间不存在，在选择的时候不再可见。
Newly hatched domestic chicks, reared with identical objects, when presented with sets of 3 vs. 2 objects disappearing one-by-one behind separate screens, spontaneously inspected the screen occluding the larger set; even when the continuous variables (area or perimeter) were controlled for (Rugani et al.,). Here, using a similar paradigm, we investigated the ability of chicks to perform addition on larger sets of objects. Chicks imprinted on five identical objects, were presented at test with 6 vs. 9 objects which disappeared one-by-one (Exp. 1). In Exp. 2, the same overall number of objects (15) was used, but employing an increased ratio, i.e., 5 vs. 10. In both experiments, when continuous variables were not made equal, chicks spontaneously inspected the screen occluding the larger set. However, when the size of the objects was adjusted so as to make the total surface area or perimeter equal for the two sets, chicks did not exhibit any preference. Lack of choice in the control conditions could be due to a combination of preferences; to rejoin the larger numerousness as well as the bigger objects (Rugani et al.,). In Exp. 3, chicks were familiarized, during imprinting, with objects of various dimensions, in an attempt to reduce or suppress their tendency to approach objects larger than the familiar ones. Again chicks failed to choose at test between 5 vs. 10 objects when continuous variables were made equal. Results showed that chicks, after a one-by-one presentation of a large number of objects, rejoined the larger set. In order to choose the larger set, chicks estimated the objects in the two sets and then compared the outcomes. However, differently to what has been described for small numerousness, chicks succeeded only if non-numerical cues as well as numerical cues were available. This study suggests that continuous variables are computed by chicks for sets of objects that are not present at the same time and that are no longer visible at the time of choice.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Gross, Hans J.;Pahl, Mario;Si, Aung;Zhu, Hong;Tautz, Juergen;Zhang, Shaowu
通讯作者：
Zhang, Shaowu
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Carey, Susan
通讯作者：
Carey, Susan
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Fontanari, Laura;Rugani, Rosa;Vallortigara, Giorgio
通讯作者：
Vallortigara, Giorgio
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2000.1078
发表时间：
2000-04-22
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Hauser, MD;Carey, S;Hauser, LB
通讯作者：
Hauser, LB
影响因子：
16.2
作者：
Piazza, M;Izard, V;Dehaene, S
通讯作者：
Dehaene, S