Immune Checkpoints and CAR-T Cells: The Pioneers in Future Cancer Therapies?
Immune Checkpoints and CAR-T Cells: The Pioneers in Future Cancer Therapies?
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免疫检查点和CAR-T细胞：未来癌症治疗的先驱？
DOI：
10.3390/ijms21218305
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发表时间：
2020-11-05
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Baradaran B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hosseinkhani N;Derakhshani A;Kooshkaki O;Abdoli Shadbad M;Hajiasgharzadeh K;Baghbanzadeh A;Safarpour H;Mokhtarzadeh A;Brunetti O;Yue SC;Silvestris N;Baradaran B
尽管越来越多的癌症患者在世界范围内构成了巨大的挑战，但寻找一种反应率最高、副作用最少的治疗方法仍在研究中。与化疗相比，癌症免疫治疗相对较低的副作用为免疫治疗提供了充足的机会，使其成为治疗恶性肿瘤患者的一种有前景的方法。然而，基于免疫疗法的临床转化需要强大的抗肿瘤免疫反应。免疫检查点在诱导免疫抑制肿瘤微环境和对肿瘤抗原的耐受性方面具有重要作用。识别和靶向这些可以在肿瘤细胞和肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞之间建立的抑制轴，可以促进抗肿瘤免疫反应的发展。双特异性t细胞参与器，可以吸引淋巴细胞到肿瘤微环境，也为基于免疫的肿瘤消除铺平了道路。CAR-T细胞的发展及其基因编辑带来了充分的机会来识别肿瘤抗原，不依赖于免疫检查点和主要组织相容性复合体（MHC）。事实上，在开发各种靶向肿瘤细胞的CAR-T细胞方面已经取得了显著的进展。通过CAR-T细胞中的基因编辑敲除免疫检查点可能被指定为恶性肿瘤患者的突破。在癌症免疫疗法的快速发展中，有必要提供有关免疫检查点、双特异性t细胞接合体和CAR-T细胞的最新信息。因此，本综述旨在提供免疫检查点、双特异性t细胞接合体和CAR-T细胞在癌症免疫治疗中的最新发现，并讨论相关的临床试验。
Although the ever-increasing number of cancer patients pose substantial challenges worldwide, finding a treatment with the highest response rate and the lowest number of side effects is still undergoing research. Compared to chemotherapy, the relatively low side effects of cancer immunotherapy have provided ample opportunity for immunotherapy to become a promising approach for patients with malignancy. However, the clinical translation of immune-based therapies requires robust anti-tumoral immune responses. Immune checkpoints have substantial roles in the induction of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and tolerance against tumor antigens. Identifying and targeting these inhibitory axes, which can be established between tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, can facilitate the development of anti-tumoral immune responses. Bispecific T-cell engagers, which can attract lymphocytes to the tumor microenvironment, have also paved the road for immunological-based tumor elimination. The development of CAR-T cells and their gene editing have brought ample opportunity to recognize tumor antigens, independent from immune checkpoints and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Indeed, there have been remarkable advances in developing various CAR-T cells to target tumoral cells. Knockout of immune checkpoints via gene editing in CAR-T cells might be designated for a breakthrough for patients with malignancy. In the midst of this fast progress in cancer immunotherapies, there is a need to provide up-to-date information regarding immune checkpoints, bispecific T-cell engagers, and CAR-T cells. Therefore, this review aims to provide recent findings of immune checkpoints, bispecific T-cell engagers, and CAR-T cells in cancer immunotherapy and discuss the pertained clinical trials.
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PD-1和PD-L1检查点信号传导抑制癌症免疫疗法：机制，组合和临床结果。
影响因子：
5.6
作者：
Alsaab HO;Sau S;Alzhrani R;Tatiparti K;Bhise K;Kashaw SK;Iyer AK
通讯作者：
Iyer AK
DOI：
10.1084/jem.20081811
发表时间：
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期刊：
The Journal of experimental medicine
影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
Chambers CA
影响因子：
7.2
作者：
Boomer, Jonathan S.;Green, Jonathan M.
通讯作者：
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DOI：
10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-0428
发表时间：
2015-09-15
期刊：
Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research
影响因子：
--
作者：
Brown CE;Badie B;Barish ME;Weng L;Ostberg JR;Chang WC;Naranjo A;Starr R;Wagner J;Wright C;Zhai Y;Bading JR;Ressler JA;Portnow J;D'Apuzzo M;Forman SJ;Jensen MC
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Jensen MC
影响因子：
32.4
作者：
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通讯作者：
Freeman, Gordon J.