PD-1 and PD-L1 Checkpoint Signaling Inhibition for Cancer Immunotherapy: Mechanism, Combinations, and Clinical Outcome.

PD-1 and PD-L1 Checkpoint Signaling Inhibition for Cancer Immunotherapy: Mechanism, Combinations, and Clinical Outcome.
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PD-1和PD-L1检查点信号传导抑制癌症免疫疗法:机制,组合和临床结果。

DOI:
10.3389/fphar.2017.00561
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发表时间:
2017
影响因子:
5.6
通讯作者:
Iyer AK
Iyer AK
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Alsaab HO;Sau S;Alzhrani R;Tatiparti K;Bhise K;Kashaw SK;Iyer AK

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几种癌症对常规化疗是高度难治的。在一些情况下,肿瘤的存活是通过检查点免疫调节来帮助维持免疫监视和癌细胞增殖之间的不平衡。检查点抗体抑制剂,如抗PD-1/PD-L1,是一类新型抑制剂,通过调节免疫细胞-肿瘤细胞相互作用发挥肿瘤抑制因子的作用。这些检查点阻断剂正迅速成为一种非常有前途的癌症治疗方法,产生显著的抗肿瘤反应,副作用有限。近年来,超过四种检查点抗体抑制剂已商业化用于靶向PD-1、PDL-1和CTLA-4。尽管抗PD治疗反应取得了巨大的成功和疗效,但其仅限于特定类型的癌症,这归因于PD-1在肿瘤微环境中的表达不足和异质性。在此,我们回顾了PD-1/PD-L1在肿瘤免疫逃避和癌症治疗结果中的机制作用的现状。我们还回顾了临床试验的当前进展,药物治疗与免疫治疗的组合,安全性和未来的检查点抑制剂用于多种类型的癌症。
Several cancers are highly refractory to conventional chemotherapy. The survival of tumors in several cases is assisted by checkpoint immunomodulation to maintain the imbalance between immune surveillance and cancer cell proliferation. Check point antibody inhibitors, such as anti-PD-1/PD-L1, are a novel class of inhibitors that function as a tumor suppressing factor via modulation of immune cell-tumor cell interaction. These checkpoint blockers are rapidly becoming a highly promising cancer therapeutic approach that yields remarkable antitumor responses with limited side effects. In recent times, more than four check point antibody inhibitors have been commercialized for targeting PD-1, PDL-1, and CTLA-4. Despite the huge success and efficacy of the anti-PD therapy response, it is limited to specific types of cancers, which attributes to the insufficient and heterogeneous expression of PD-1 in the tumor microenvironment. Herein, we review the current landscape of the PD-1/PD-L1 mechanistic role in tumor immune evasion and therapeutic outcome for cancer treatment. We also review the current progress in clinical trials, combination of drug therapy with immunotherapy, safety, and future of check point inhibitors for multiple types of cancer.
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