Unreported discards of internationally protected pelagic sharks in a global fishing hotspot are potentially large

Unreported discards of internationally protected pelagic sharks in a global fishing hotspot are potentially large
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全球渔业热点地区未报告的受国际保护的远洋鲨鱼丢弃量可能很大

DOI:
10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109534
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
5.9
通讯作者:
Mucientes G
Mucientes G
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Mucientes G

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由于过度捕捞,全球大洋中上层鲨鱼的丰度已经下降。受国际保护的鲨鱼物种仍然处于危险之中,因为延绳钓渔业不分青红皂白地兼捕,少报渔获量影响到为管理而进行的种群评估的可靠性。然而,对报告不足的程度仍然知之甚少。在这里,我们使用全球捕鱼热点的详细鲨鱼物种捕获数据来显示,三种全球或区域性“濒危”或“极度濒危”物种的丢弃物(大眼长尾鳕Alopiassuperciliosus;大洋白鳍鲨Carcharhinus longimanus;平滑锤头鲨Sphyrna zygaena)可能在大规模上被低估:2018年4月至6月在热带大西洋东部观察到的一艘船只的总丢弃量超过了大西洋官方报告的这些物种丢弃量的1.3-11.0倍,2018年全年都是如此。将单个船只的观测渔获量(丢弃量)按比例放大到该地区单个国家船队的潜在丢弃量,我们估计平均年总量为1526.2 t(±1标准偏差)。范围:415.3-2637.0 t),超过89.2倍(±1 S.D.)。范围:24.3-154.2倍),官方报告这三个物种的丢弃。如果不减少副渔获物的死亡率(目前这一死亡率似乎因大量漏报而被掩盖),大西洋种群仍面临严重风险。
Global abundances of oceanic pelagic sharks have declined due to overfishing. Internationally protected shark species remain at risk due to indiscriminate bycatch in longline fisheries with under-reported catches affecting reliability of population assessments for management. However, the scale of under-reporting remains poorly understood. Here we use detailed shark species catch data in a global fishing hotspot to show that the discards of three globally or regionally ‘Endangered’ or ‘Critically Endangered’ species (bigeye thresherAlopiassuperciliosus; oceanic whitetipCarcharhinus longimanus; smooth hammerheadSphyrna zygaena) are potentially under-reported on a large scale: the total discards made by a single observed vessel in April–June 2018 in the eastern tropical Atlantic exceeded by 1.3–11.0 times the discards reported officially for these species Atlantic-wide for all of 2018. Scaling up observed catches (discards) of a single vessel to potential discards made by a single nation's fleet in the region, we estimate a mean annual total of 1526.2 t (±1 S.D. range: 415.3–2637.0 t), which exceeds by 89.2 times (±1 S.D. range: 24.3–154.2 times) the official reported discards for these three species. Without reducing bycatch mortality, which at present appears obscured by substantial under-reporting, Atlantic populations remain at serious risk.
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