Hydrogen sulfide as a gasotransmitter.

Hydrogen sulfide as a gasotransmitter.
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DOI:
10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06580.x
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发表时间:
2010-04
影响因子:
4.7
通讯作者:
Snyder SH
Snyder SH
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gadalla MM;Snyder SH

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基于缺乏适当生物合成酶的小鼠的显着变化,一氧化氮 (NO) 和一氧化碳 (CO) 被认为是全身的信使分子和气体递质。硫化氢 (H2S) 的化学反应性更强,但直到最近还没有明确的证据证明其生理形成。胱硫醚 β-合酶 (CBS, EC 4.2.1.22) 和胱硫醚 γ-裂解酶 (CSE; EC 4.4.1.1)(也称为胞硫磷酶)可以从半胱氨酸生成 H2S。最近对缺乏这些酶的小鼠进行的研究表明,CSE 负责外周 H2S 的形成,而在大脑中,CBS 是生物合成酶。删除 CSE 的小鼠肠系膜动脉中的内皮源性舒张因子 (EDRF) 活性降低 80%,从而确立了 H2S 作为主要的生理性 EDRF 的作用。 H2S 似乎主要通过其靶蛋白中的 S-硫化半胱氨酸发出信号,类似于 NO 的 S-亚硝基化。 S-亚硝基化通常会抑制酶,而 S-硫氢化会激活它们。 S-亚硝基化基本上影响 1-2% 的靶蛋白,而 10-25% 的 H2S 靶蛋白是 S-硫水化的。总之,H2S 似乎是一种与 NO 和 CO 同等重要的生理气体递质。
Nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO) are well established as messenger molecules throughout the body, gasotransmitters, based on striking alterations in mice lacking the appropriate biosynthetic enzymes. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is even more chemically reactive, but till recently there was little definitive evidence for its physiologic formation. Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS, EC 4.2.1.22), and Cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE; EC 4.4.1.1), also known as cytathionase, can generate H2S from cyst(e)ine. Very recent studies with mice lacking these enzymes have established that CSE is responsible for H2S formation in the periphery, while in the brain CBS is the biosynthetic enzyme. Endothelial-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) activity is reduced 80% in the mesenteric artery of mice with deletion of CSE, establishing H2S as a major physiologic EDRF. H2S appears to signal predominantly by S-sulfhydrating cysteines in its target proteins, analogous to S-nitrosylation by NO. Whereas S-nitrosylation typically inhibits enzymes, S-sulfhydration activates them. S-nitrosylation basally affects 1–2% of its target proteins, while 10–25% of H2S target proteins are S-sulfhydrated. In summary, H2S appears to be a physiologic gasotransmitter of comparable importance to NO and CO.
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