When do the USPTO examiners cite as the EPO examiners? An analysis of examination spillovers through rejection citations at the international family-to-family level
When do the USPTO examiners cite as the EPO examiners? An analysis of examination spillovers through rejection citations at the international family-to-family level
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USPTO 审查员何时作为 EPO 审查员进行引用？
DOI：
10.1007/s11192-020-03674-4
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
和田哲夫
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yonezawa;A,.;和田哲夫
本文实证检验了“拒绝引用”（即，美国专利商标局（USPTO）添加的“X/Y专利引用”和“X/Y专利引用”，这些也被欧洲专利局（EPO）添加为同一专利族内的拒绝理由，基于超过四万个三位一体申请样本家族。我们考虑了欧洲检索报告的发布时间和美国专利商标局对同一系列专利申请的拒绝行动的时间。我们发现，拒绝的频率（X/Y-等效）引用符合美国专利商标局和欧洲专利局之间根据家庭对家庭的引用标准增加后，由欧洲专利局发布的搜索报告。这表明，美国审查员从EPO获得了检索工作的溢出效应，即USPTO审查员依赖于EPO收集和披露的现有技术信息。研究结果还表明，为《专利合作条约》（PCT）申请准备的国际检索报告（ISR）以及申请人提交的引文，在两个专利局之间的驳回引文趋同方面发挥着重要作用。我们还发现，美国审查员不太可能添加相同的专利引用时，拒绝不断重复在美国专利商标局审查员。本文的方法介绍了专利审查员引用的新用途，以比较审查员的引用行为在不同司法管辖区。
This paper empirically examines coincidences between “rejection citations” (i.e., those cited as grounds for rejections) added by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) and “X/Y patent citations,” which are also added as grounds for rejections at the European Patent Office (EPO) within the same patent family, based on more than forty thousand families of triadic application sample. We consider the release timing of European search reports and the timing of rejection actions by the USPTO for the same family of patent applications. We find that the frequency of rejection (X/Y-equivalent) citation coincidences between the USPTO and the EPO according to family-to-family citation criteria increases after the release of search reports by the EPO. It suggests that the US examiners capture spillovers of search efforts from the EPO, namely, the USPTO examiners rely on prior art information collected and disclosed by the EPO. The results also reveal that International Search Reports (ISRs) prepared for Patent Corporation Treaty (PCT) applications, as well as applicant-submitted citations, play important roles for the convergence of rejection citations between the two patent offices. We furthermore find that the US examiners are less likely to add the same patent citations as the EPO examiners when rejections are persistently repeated at the USPTO. The methodology in this paper introduces the novel use of patent examiner citations to compare examiners’ citing behavior across jurisdictions.
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影响因子：
3.9
作者：
Wada T
通讯作者：
Wada T
审查员对欧洲专利局申请人的信任：国家具体情况
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
Joaquín M. Azagra;E. M. Tur
通讯作者：
E. M. Tur
专利局驳回中使用的专利作为价值指标
DOI：
10.2139/ssrn.3274995
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
C. Cotropia;David L. Schwartz
通讯作者：
David L. Schwartz
DOI：
10.2139/ssrn.3024621
发表时间：
2017-11
期刊：
US Patent & Trademark Office (USPTO) Economic Research Paper Series
影响因子：
--
作者：
Qiang Lu;Amanda F. Myers;Scott Beliveau
通讯作者：
Qiang Lu;Amanda F. Myers;Scott Beliveau
审查员驳回专利引证的选择：来自三边局的证据
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
Huang;F.;Kunimitsu,Y.;Tetsuo Wada
通讯作者：
Tetsuo Wada