Loneliness in autistic adults: A systematic review.
Loneliness in autistic adults: A systematic review.
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DOI：
10.1177/13623613221077721
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发表时间：
2022-11
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Crane, Laura
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Umagami, Kana;Remington, Anna;Lloyd-Evans, Brynmor;Davies, Jade;Crane, Laura
在本系统综述中，我们考察了定量、定性和混合方法对孤独症成人孤独感的研究。共确定了1460篇文章，其中34篇符合纳入标准。研究结果表明：(1)孤独症成人孤独感的第一手定性数据缺乏；(2)很少有实证研究使用了专门为自闭症成人开发的可靠/有效的孤独感测量方法，只有一项研究使用了为自闭症成人开发的孤独感测量方法，并在其中得到了验证；(3)孤独症成人已经描述了孤独的集体维度（即社会归属感），但尚未像孤独的亲密（即浪漫关系）或关系（即朋友/家庭关系）维度那样频繁地进行调查；(4)自闭症成人孤独感增加的相关因素包括自闭症特征、焦虑、抑郁和自杀意念、消极体验和习得性无助、缺乏对自闭症的理解和接纳、感觉回避、伪装和失业；(5)与孤独症成年人孤独感减少相关的因素包括：有人际关系、参与社交技能干预和/或在社交技能方面遇到的困难较少、积极的观点和自我接受、女性身份和参与活动（如在线游戏）的时间。展望了今后的研究方向。最近，研究人员对自闭症患者如何体验孤独感兴趣。然而，大多数研究都集中在自闭症儿童和年轻人的孤独感上。我们提出了孤独症成人孤独感的系统综述结果。系统综述是一种严谨的方法，它搜索关于一个主题的所有现有研究，并总结有关特定问题的发现。我们检索了截至2021年4月9日发表的所有关于该主题的研究。我们找到了34篇研究自闭症成年人孤独感的文章。这项研究表明：(1)很少有研究直接询问自闭症成年人的第一手孤独经历（例如，孤独对他们来说是什么感觉）；(2)很少有研究使用专门为自闭症成人开发的孤独感问卷（只有一项研究尝试过）；(3)集体孤独（即与自闭症患者感觉自己“融入”社会的程度有关的孤独）对自闭症成年人来说似乎很重要，但尚未像孤独的其他方面（如与恋爱关系或友谊有关的孤独）那样得到普遍调查；(4)可能增加自闭症成年人孤独感的因素包括焦虑和抑郁，以及缺乏对自闭症的理解和接受；例如，可能减少自闭症成年人孤独感的事情包括建立人际关系和自我接纳。在我们的文章中，我们讨论了未来对自闭症成年人孤独感的研究，这些研究可能是有用的。
In this systematic review, we examined quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods studies on loneliness in autistic adults. A total of 1460 articles were identified, and 34 of these met inclusion criteria. Results demonstrated that (1) there is a paucity of qualitative data providing first-hand descriptions of loneliness from autistic adults; (2) few empirical studies have used reliable/valid measures of loneliness developed specifically for autistic adults, and in just one study was a measure of loneliness developed for, and validated in, autistic adults; (3) the collective dimension of loneliness (i.e. belonging in society) has been described by autistic adults, yet has not been investigated as frequently as the intimate (i.e. romantic relationships) or relational (i.e. friend/family relationships) dimensions of loneliness; (4) the factors associated with increased loneliness in autistic adults include autistic characteristics, anxiety, depression and suicidal ideation, negative experiences and learned helplessness, a lack of autism understanding and acceptance, sensory avoidance, camouflaging and unemployment; and (5) the factors associated with decreased loneliness in autistic adults include having relationships, participation in social skill interventions and/or experiencing fewer difficulties with social skills, positive views and acceptance of oneself, being female and time spent engaging in activities (e.g. online gaming). Directions for future research are considered. Recently, researchers have been interested in how autistic people experience loneliness. Yet, most of this research has focused on loneliness in autistic children and young people. We present the results of a systematic review on loneliness in autistic adults. A systematic review is a rigorous way of searching for all existing research on a topic and summarizing the findings about specific questions. We searched for all research published on this topic until 9 April 2021. We found 34 articles that investigated loneliness in autistic adults. This research showed that (1) there is fairly little research that has involved directly asking autistic adults about their first-hand experiences of loneliness (e.g. what loneliness feels like for them); (2) few research studies have used loneliness questionnaires specifically developed for autistic adults (this was attempted in just one research study); (3) collective loneliness (i.e. loneliness associated with how much an autistic person feels they ‘fit in’ to society) seems important to autistic adults but has not been investigated as commonly as other aspects of loneliness (e.g. loneliness associated with romantic relationships or friendships); (4) things that might increase loneliness in autistic adults include anxiety and depression, and a lack of autism understanding and acceptance, for example; and (5) things that might reduce loneliness in autistic adults include having relationships and self-acceptance, for example. In our article, we discuss the kinds of future research on loneliness in autistic adults that might be useful.
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影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Bastien, Celyne H.;Vallieres, Annie;Morin, Charles M.
通讯作者：
Morin, Charles M.
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
Bauminger, N;Shulman, C;Agam, G
通讯作者：
Agam, G
DOI：
10.1108/17549450200900015
发表时间：
2009-06-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGIES
影响因子：
--
作者：
Benford, Penny;Standen, P. J.
通讯作者：
Standen, P. J.
自闭症成年人自杀的风险标记。
影响因子：
6.2
作者：
Cassidy S;Bradley L;Shaw R;Baron-Cohen S
通讯作者：
Baron-Cohen S
影响因子：
19.9
作者：
Cacioppo, John T.;Hawkey, Louise C.
通讯作者：
Hawkey, Louise C.