Hazardous air pollutants and asthma.
Hazardous air pollutants and asthma.
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.02110s4505
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发表时间：
2002-08
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Leikauf GD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Leikauf GD
哮喘在美国的发病率很高，哮喘患者可能会因有害空气污染物(HAPS)的不利影响而面临额外的风险。复杂的混合物(细颗粒物和烟草烟雾)与呼吸道症状和哮喘住院有关。这些混合物的有毒成分是HAP，但环境中接触HAP是否会引发哮喘尚不清楚。某些HAP是职业性哮喘，而其他HAP可能在致敏过程中起辅助作用。HAPS可能会加重哮喘，因为一旦致敏，个体可以对极低的浓度产生反应，刺激物会降低呼吸道抗原的支气管收缩阈值。在环境中暴露于复杂混合物后的不良反应通常发生在低于受控人类暴露于单一化合物时产生影响的浓度。此外，在职业环境中与哮喘有关的某些HAP可能会与环境空气中的标准污染物相互作用，从而加剧哮喘。根据这些观察结果和过去188种HAPS的经验，列出了19种可能对哮喘的诱发或加重具有最高影响的化合物。根据刺激性、呼吸性或与生物大分子的反应能力，确定了另外九种可能加剧哮喘的化合物。尽管这28种化合物的环境水平在很大程度上是未知的，但从排放清单和有限的空气监测中估计的暴露表明，醛(特别是丙烯醛和甲醛)和金属(特别是镍和铬化合物)可能具有足以引起额外关注的健康风险指数。提出了关于暴露、监测和评估控制这些物质如何诱发和加重哮喘的生物机制的研究建议。
Asthma has a high prevalence in the United States, and persons with asthma may be at added risk from the adverse effects of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs). Complex mixtures (fine particulate matter and tobacco smoke) have been associated with respiratory symptoms and hospital admissions for asthma. The toxic ingredients of these mixtures are HAPs, but whether ambient HAP exposures can induce asthma remains unclear. Certain HAPs are occupational asthmagens, whereas others may act as adjuncts during sensitization. HAPs may exacerbate asthma because, once sensitized, individuals can respond to remarkably low concentrations, and irritants lower the bronchoconstrictive threshold to respiratory antigens. Adverse responses after ambient exposures to complex mixtures often occur at concentrations below those producing effects in controlled human exposures to a single compound. In addition, certain HAPs that have been associated with asthma in occupational settings may interact with criteria pollutants in ambient air to exacerbate asthma. Based on these observations and past experience with 188 HAPs, a list of 19 compounds that could have the highest impact on the induction or exacerbation of asthma was developed. Nine additional compounds were identified that might exacerbate asthma based on their irritancy, respirability, or ability to react with biological macromolecules. Although the ambient levels of these 28 compounds are largely unknown, estimated exposures from emissions inventories and limited air monitoring suggest that aldehydes (especially acrolein and formaldehyde) and metals (especially nickel and chromium compounds) may have possible health risk indices sufficient for additional attention. Recommendations for research are presented regarding exposure monitoring and evaluation of biologic mechanisms controlling how these substances induce and exacerbate asthma.
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影响因子：
9.6
作者：
ANDERSEN, LI;SCHMIDT, A;BUNDGAARD, A
通讯作者：
BUNDGAARD, A
DOI：
10.1016/0960-1686(93)90067-9
发表时间：
1993-01-01
期刊：
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS
影响因子：
--
作者：
ALTSHULLER, AP
通讯作者：
ALTSHULLER, AP
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
ANDERSON, LM;LOGSDON, D;RIGGS, CM
通讯作者：
RIGGS, CM
影响因子：
158.5
作者：
ANTO, JM;SUNYER, J;SAEZ, M
通讯作者：
SAEZ, M
影响因子：
--
作者：
AGIUS, RM;NEE, J;ROBERTSON, A
通讯作者：
ROBERTSON, A