Exosomes and Stem Cells in Degenerative Disease Diagnosis and Therapy.

Exosomes and Stem Cells in Degenerative Disease Diagnosis and Therapy.
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DOI:
10.1177/0963689717723636
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发表时间:
2018-03
影响因子:
3.3
通讯作者:
Ding DC
Ding DC
中科院分区:
医学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Chang YH;Wu KC;Harn HJ;Lin SZ;Ding DC

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脑卒中可导致死亡和残疾,给社会带来巨大负担。帕金森病是一种以运动功能障碍为特征的慢性神经退行性疾病。骨关节炎(OA)是一种进行性退行性关节疾病,其特征在于关节中的软骨破坏和骨赘形成。干细胞治疗可以提供替代传统药物治疗的生物治疗。间充质干细胞(MSC)是优选的,因为它们的分化能力和可能来自许多成人组织。此外,间充质干细胞的旁分泌效应在免疫细胞中发挥着至关重要的抗炎和免疫抑制作用。细胞外囊泡(EV)是细胞间通讯的重要介质。外泌体含有各种分子,如microRNA(miRNA),其通过基因调控介导生物学功能。因此,携带miRNA或其他分子的外泌体可以增强MSC移植的治疗效果。MSC衍生的外泌体已在代表中风、PD和OA的各种动物模型中进行了研究。外泌体是EV的一种亚型。本文从基础和临床两个方面对MSC来源的exosomes在脑卒中、PD和OA中的作用机制和治疗潜力进行综述。
Stroke can cause death and disability, resulting in a huge burden on society. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor dysfunction. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive degenerative joint disease characterized by cartilage destruction and osteophyte formation in the joints. Stem cell therapy may provide a biological treatment alternative to traditional pharmacological therapy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are preferred because of their differentiation ability and possible derivation from many adult tissues. In addition, the paracrine effects of MSCs play crucial anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive roles in immune cells. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are vital mediators of cell-to-cell communication. Exosomes contain various molecules such as microRNA (miRNA), which mediates biological functions through gene regulation. Therefore, exosomes carrying miRNA or other molecules can enhance the therapeutic effects of MSC transplantation. MSC-derived exosomes have been investigated in various animal models representing stroke, PD, and OA. Exosomes are a subtype of EVs. This review article focuses on the mechanism and therapeutic potential of MSC-derived exosomes in stroke, PD, and OA in basic and clinical aspects.
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