Mental illness and reduction of gun violence and suicide: bringing epidemiologic research to policy.
Mental illness and reduction of gun violence and suicide: bringing epidemiologic research to policy.
复制标题
精神疾病和减少枪支暴力和自杀：将流行病学研究带入政策。
DOI：
10.1016/j.annepidem.2014.03.004
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发表时间：
2015-05
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Mays, Vickie M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Swanson, Jeffrey W.;McGinty, E. Elizabeth;Fazel, Seena;Mays, Vickie M.
本文描述了与精神疾病相关的枪支暴力和自杀风险的流行病学证据，与媒体推动的公众对精神病患者的危险性的看法相反，并评估了旨在预防与严重精神疾病和物质使用障碍相关的枪支伤害和死亡率的政策和法律的有效性。关于公众对精神疾病患者的态度的研究进行了审查，并与暴力和精神疾病的基准流行病学和临床研究以及精神病医生风险评估的准确性的证据并列。选定的政策和法律，旨在减少枪支暴力与精神疾病的批判性评价;提出了基于证据的政策建议。媒体对精神失常者大规模枪击事件的报道引起了公众的关注，并加强了人们对精神疾病往往导致暴力的普遍看法。流行病学研究表明，大多数患有严重精神疾病的人从来没有暴力倾向。然而，精神疾病与自杀风险增加密切相关，自杀占美国枪支相关死亡人数的一半以上。在枪支暴力预防和精神疾病的接口的政策制定应基于有关风险的流行病学数据，以提高政策举措的有效性，可行性和公平性。
This article describes epidemiologic evidence concerning risk of gun violence and suicide linked to psychiatric disorders, in contrast to media-fueled public perceptions of the dangerousness of mentally ill individuals, and evaluates effectiveness of policies and laws designed to prevent firearms injury and mortality associated with serious mental illnesses and substance use disorders. Research concerning public attitudes toward persons with mental illness is reviewed and juxtaposed with evidence from benchmark epidemiologic and clinical studies of violence and mental illness and of the accuracy of psychiatrists' risk assessments. Selected policies and laws designed to reduce gun violence in relation to mental illness are critically evaluated; evidence-based policy recommendations are presented. Media accounts of mass shootings by disturbed individuals galvanize public attention and reinforce popular belief that mental illness often results in violence. Epidemiologic studies show that the large majority of people with serious mental illnesses are never violent. However, mental illness is strongly associated with increased risk of suicide, which accounts for over half of US firearms–related fatalities. Policymaking at the interface of gun violence prevention and mental illness should be based on epidemiologic data concerning risk to improve the effectiveness, feasibility, and fairness of policy initiatives.
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DOI：
10.1136/bmj.e4692
发表时间：
2012-07-24
期刊：
BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Fazel S;Singh JP;Doll H;Grann M
通讯作者：
Grann M
影响因子：
22.4
作者：
Bonta, J;Law, M;Hanson, K
通讯作者：
Hanson, K
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Draine, J;Salzer, MS;Hadley, TR
通讯作者：
Hadley, TR
影响因子：
10.5
作者：
Elbogen, Eric B.;Van Dorn, Richard A.;Monahan, John
通讯作者：
Monahan, John
影响因子：
--
作者：
Fazel, Seena;Lichtenstein, Paul;Langstrom, Niklas
通讯作者：
Langstrom, Niklas