Estimating the Maximum Vertical Velocity at the Leading Edge of a Density Current

Estimating the Maximum Vertical Velocity at the Leading Edge of a Density Current
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估计密度电流前沿的最大垂直速度

DOI:
10.1175/jas-d-20-0028.1
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
3.1
通讯作者:
Chasteen, Manda B.
Chasteen, Manda B.
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Reif, Dylan W.;Bluestein, Howard B.;Weckwerth, Tammy M.;Wienhoff, Zachary B.;Chasteen, Manda B.

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密度流前缘处的最大向上垂直速度通常<10 m s−1。然而,对垂直速度的研究相对较少,部分原因是缺乏高时空分辨率的观测。在平原夜间高对流 (PECAN) 现场项目中,移动多普勒激光雷达在 2015 年 7 月 15 日夜间测量到中尺度对流系统产生的密度流前缘的最大垂直速度为 13 m s−1。另外两台垂直指向仪器在同一晚记录了密度流前缘的 8 m s−1 垂直速度。这项研究描述了密度流的结构,并尝试使用以下属性来估计其前缘的最大垂直速度:密度流深度、其头部的斜率及其扰动势温度。然后,使用在具有静止基态的中性和稳定大气以及具有垂直风切变的中性和稳定大气中进行的理想化数值模拟,将该方法应用于估计密度流前缘的最大垂直速度。在理想化模拟中测试该方法后,该方法用于估计先前几项研究中记录的密度流前沿的垂直速度。研究发现,最大垂直速度可以估计在观测或模拟最大垂直速度的 10%–15% 范围内,并间接解释包括环境风切变和静稳定性在内的参数。
The maximum upward vertical velocity at the leading edge of a density current is commonly <10 m s−1. Studies of the vertical velocity, however, are relatively few, in part owing to the dearth of high-spatiotemporal-resolution observations. During the Plains Elevated Convection At Night (PECAN) field project, a mobile Doppler lidar measured a maximum vertical velocity of 13 m s−1at the leading edge of a density current created by a mesoscale convective system during the night of 15 July 2015. Two other vertically pointing instruments recorded 8 m s−1vertical velocities at the leading edge of the density current on the same night. This study describes the structure of the density current and attempts to estimate the maximum vertical velocity at their leading edges using the following properties: the density current depth, the slope of its head, and its perturbation potential temperature. The method is then be applied to estimate the maximum vertical velocity at the leading edge of density currents using idealized numerical simulations conducted in neutral and stable atmospheres with resting base states and in neutral and stable atmospheres with vertical wind shear. After testing this method on idealized simulations, this method is then used to estimate the vertical velocity at the leading edge of density currents documented in several previous studies. It was found that the maximum vertical velocity can be estimated to within 10%–15% of the observed or simulated maximum vertical velocity and indirectly accounts for parameters including environmental wind shear and static stability.
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