Social understanding in autism: eye gaze as a measure of core insights.
Social understanding in autism: eye gaze as a measure of core insights.
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自闭症的社会理解：目光注视作为核心洞察力的衡量标准。
DOI：
--
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发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Paul Rideout
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Ruffman;Wendy Garnham;Paul Rideout
对28名自闭症儿童和33名MLD儿童进行了两项任务，一项是社会理解任务，另一项是概率理解任务。对于每项任务，都有一个眼神凝视(儿童在期待故事人物或物体回归时的凝视)和一个言语测量(一个直接的问题)。我们发现，在区分自闭症儿童和MLD儿童时，眼睛凝视比言语表现更好。自闭症儿童不会因为期待故事人物在社交任务中的回归而看向正确的位置，但他们确实会在非社交概率任务中看正确的位置。我们还发现，在自闭症组中，最不注意正确位置的儿童被评为具有最严重的自闭症特征。此外，我们还发现，虽然自闭症患者的言语表现与一般语言能力相关，但眼睛凝视并不相关。我们认为：(A)眼睛凝视可能利用无意识但核心的社会行为洞察，因此在区分自闭症儿童和智力障碍对照组儿童方面比语言测量更好；(B)眼睛凝视敲击要么是自发的模拟过程，要么是基本的模式识别，两者都较少基于语言；以及(C)自闭症儿童的社会理解可能主要基于语言中介的理论，而对照组儿童也拥有更多由眼睛凝视索引的自发洞察力。
Twenty-eight children with autism and 33 MLD children were given two tasks tapping social understanding and a control task tapping probability understanding. For each task there was a measure of eye gaze (where children looked when anticipating the return of a story character or an object) and a verbal measure (a direct question). We found that eye gaze was better than verbal performance at differentiating children with autism from children with MLD. Children with autism did not look to the correct location in anticipation of the story character's return in the social tasks, but they did look to the correct location in the nonsocial probability task. We also found that within the autistic group, children who looked least to the correct location were rated as having the most severe autistic characteristics. Further, we found that whereas verbal performance correlated with general language ability in the autistic group, eye gaze did not. We argue that: (a) eye gaze probably taps unconscious but core insights into social behavior and as such is better than verbal measures at differentiating children with autism from mentally handicapped controls, (b) eye gaze taps either spontaneous processes of simulation or rudimentary pattern recognition, both of which are less based in language, and (c) the social understanding of children with autism is probably based mostly on verbally mediated theories whereas control children also possess more spontaneous insights indexed by eye gaze.
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影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Griffith, EM;Pennington, BF;Rogers, SJ
通讯作者：
Rogers, SJ
DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x
发表时间：
1991-11-01
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
OZONOFF, S;PENNINGTON, BF;ROGERS, SJ
通讯作者：
ROGERS, SJ
预测和解释行为：自闭症、弱智和正常儿童的比较。
DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01809.x
发表时间：
1994
期刊：
Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines
影响因子：
--
作者：
Tager-Flusberg,H;Sullivan,K
通讯作者：
Sullivan,K
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
SIGMAN, MD;KASARI, C;YIRMIYA, N
通讯作者：
YIRMIYA, N