Opposing effects of selectivity and invariance in peripheral vision.
Opposing effects of selectivity and invariance in peripheral vision.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41467-021-24880-5
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发表时间：
2021-07-28
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
Simoncelli EP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ziemba CM;Simoncelli EP
感官处理需要丢弃一些信息，以保留和重新格式化更多与行为相关的信息。感觉神经元似乎通过选择性地响应其输入中的特定特征组合来实现这一点，同时平均或忽略不相关的组合。在这里，我们使用刺激和任务来揭示选择性和不变性之间的这种权衡的感知影响，这些刺激和任务明确揭示了它们对辨别表现的相反影响。我们利用自然照片的统计数据生成纹理刺激，并要求观察者执行两项不同的任务：区分具有不同统计数据的家庭绘制的图像，以及区分具有相同统计数据的图像样本。对于这两项任务，理想观察者的表现随着刺激大小的增加而提高。相比之下，人类在家庭歧视方面变得更好，但在样本歧视方面却更差。我们通过模拟证明，这些行为在观察者模型中自然出现，该模型依赖于这两项任务的一组常见的生理上合理的局部统计测量。视觉处理需要提取和丢弃信息。在这里，作者使用一组专门的刺激和两个互补的辨别任务来证明信息处理的这两个方面的相反的感知含义。
Sensory processing necessitates discarding some information in service of preserving and reformatting more behaviorally relevant information. Sensory neurons seem to achieve this by responding selectively to particular combinations of features in their inputs, while averaging over or ignoring irrelevant combinations. Here, we expose the perceptual implications of this tradeoff between selectivity and invariance, using stimuli and tasks that explicitly reveal their opposing effects on discrimination performance. We generate texture stimuli with statistics derived from natural photographs, and ask observers to perform two different tasks: Discrimination between images drawn from families with different statistics, and discrimination between image samples with identical statistics. For both tasks, the performance of an ideal observer improves with stimulus size. In contrast, humans become better at family discrimination but worse at sample discrimination. We demonstrate through simulations that these behaviors arise naturally in an observer model that relies on a common set of physiologically plausible local statistical measurements for both tasks. Visual processing necessitates both extracting and discarding information. Here, the authors use a specialized set of stimuli and two complementary discrimination tasks to demonstrate the opposing perceptual implications of these two aspects of information processing.
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