A summary-statistic representation in peripheral vision explains visual crowding.
A summary-statistic representation in peripheral vision explains visual crowding.
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DOI：
10.1167/9.12.13
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发表时间：
2009-11-19
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Rosenholtz R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Balas B;Nakano L;Rosenholtz R
周边视觉对视觉输入的反映不如中央凹视觉忠实。尽管如此，我们可以从周边视觉中获得很多关于世界的信息，例如，为了计划眼球运动。拥挤现象表明，外围可用信息的减少不仅仅是分辨率降低的结果。拥挤指的是一种视觉现象，在这种现象中，对目标刺激的识别受到附近刺激或侧面刺激的明显损害。外围有哪些可用的信息？我们提出，视觉系统通过对不同位置、相位、方向和尺度敏感的细胞反应的联合统计来局部表征周围刺激。这种通过汇总统计的“纹理”表示预测了通常与拥挤相关的主观特征的“混乱”。我们表明，在拥挤条件下，使用这种刺激表示在单个池区域内执行识别任务的难度与外围识别性能相关。此外，对于一个没有侧环的简单刺激，这种表示可以充分地表示具有一定位置不变性的刺激。这证明了一个统一的神经元机制可能是外围视觉、普通模式识别和纹理感知的基础。我们的方法的一个关键组成部分包括在刺激的汇总统计中创建可用信息的可视化。我们称这些可视化为“杂种”，并表明它们在检查早期视觉系统如何表示视觉输入方面非常有用。杂种使人们能够研究我们模型的“等价类”，即根据模型映射到相同表示的刺激集。
Peripheral vision provides a less faithful representation of the visual input than foveal vision. Nonetheless, we can gain a lot of information about the world from our peripheral vision, for example in order to plan eye movements. The phenomenon of crowding shows that the reduction of information available in the periphery is not merely the result of reduced resolution. Crowding refers to visual phenomena in which identification of a target stimulus is significantly impaired by the presence of nearby stimuli, or flankers. What information is available in the periphery? We propose that the visual system locally represents peripheral stimuli by the joint statistics of responses of cells sensitive to different position, phase, orientation, and scale. This “textural” representation by summary statistics predicts the subjective “jumble” of features often associated with crowding. We show that the difficulty of performing an identification task within a single pooling region using this representation of the stimuli is correlated with peripheral identification performance under conditions of crowding. Furthermore, for a simple stimulus with no flankers, this representation can be adequate to specify the stimulus with some position invariance. This provides evidence that a unified neuronal mechanism may underlie peripheral vision, ordinary pattern recognition in central vision, and texture perception. A key component of our methodology involves creating visualizations of the information available in the summary statistics of a stimulus. We call these visualizations “mongrels” and show that they are highly useful in examining how the early visual system represents the visual input. Mongrels enable one to study the “equivalence classes” of our model, i.e., the sets of stimuli that map to the same representation according to the model.
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DOI：
10.3758/bf03198630
发表时间：
1973-01-01
期刊：
PERCEPTION & PSYCHOPHYSICS
影响因子：
--
作者：
ERIKSEN, CW;HOFFMAN, JE
通讯作者：
HOFFMAN, JE
DOI：
10.1023/b:visi.0000029664.99615.94
发表时间：
2004-11-01
影响因子：
19.5
作者：
Lowe, DG
通讯作者：
Lowe, DG
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
FUKUSHIMA, K
通讯作者：
FUKUSHIMA, K
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Freeman, Jeremy;Pelli, Denis G.
通讯作者：
Pelli, Denis G.
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Motoyoshi, Isamu;Nishida, Shin'ya;Adelson, Edward H.
通讯作者：
Adelson, Edward H.