Cytokine Storm-Definition, Causes, and Implications.

Cytokine Storm-Definition, Causes, and Implications.
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DOI:
10.3390/ijms231911740
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发表时间:
2022-10-03
影响因子:
5.6
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
生物学2区
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--
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人的先天和适应性免疫系统由产生细胞因子(白细胞介素、干扰素、趋化因子和许多其他介质)的效应细胞组成。通常,促炎和抗炎作用的脆弱平衡是由复杂的调节机制维持的。这种体内平衡的紊乱会导致复杂的连锁反应,导致细胞因子的大量释放。这可能导致各种反馈机制的剧烈自我强化,最终导致全身损伤、多器官衰竭或死亡。不仅病原体可以引起这种紊乱,先天性疾病或免疫调节疗法也可以引起这种紊乱。由于先天免疫系统和适应性免疫系统之间复杂多样的相互作用,迄今为止对这一重要临床综合征的理解尚不完整,有效的治疗方法仍然缺乏。
The human innate and adaptive immune systems consist of effector cells producing cytokines (interleukins, interferons, chemokines, and numerous other mediators). Usually, a fragile equilibrium of pro- and anti-inflammation effects is maintained by complex regulatory mechanisms. Disturbances of this homeostasis can lead to intricate chain reactions resulting in a massive release of cytokines. This may result in a drastic self-reinforcement of various feedback mechanisms, which can ultimately lead to systemic damage, multi-organ failure, or death. Not only pathogens can initiate such disturbances, but also congenital diseases or immunomodulatory therapies. Due to the complex and diverse interactions within the innate and adaptive immune systems, the understanding of this important clinical syndrome is incomplete to date and effective therapeutic approaches remain scarce.
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