Mercury in the Amazon.
Mercury in the Amazon.
复制标题
亚马逊地区的水银。
DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4612-0625-5_2
复制
发表时间：
1998
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Olaf Malm
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Lodenius;Olaf Malm
金矿开采过程中汞的释放和扩散是亚马逊地区的一个普遍问题。今天，我们对汞的情况有了相当好的了解。数十项调查主要考虑了鱼类和人类毛发中的浓度。金属汞用于金的汞齐化，汞在再燃烧场所通过蒸发释放。第一次提取（燃烧）是在Garimpos的野外进行的，第二次（再燃烧）是在城镇的金店进行的。这种做法可能会导致从事黄金提纯工作的人通过吸入而严重暴露于元素汞。汞也大量排放到河流和湖泊中。这种汞可能以甲基汞的形式在水生食物链中进行生物累积。掠食性鱼类所含汞的浓度通常远远超过巴西的安全标准。由于许多人每天吃鱼，因此甲基汞的暴露量很高。在接触者中发现了神经系统疾病。头发中的甲基汞浓度通常达到可能导致水患临床症状的水平。对食用受污染鱼类的人的最大健康危害指数值进行了估计。
Release and spreading of mercury from gold mining is a widespread problem in the Amazon area. Today we have rather good knowledge of the mercury situation. Tens of investigations have considered mainly concentrations in fish and human hair. Metallic mercury is used for amalgamation of gold, and the mercury is released by evaporation at reburning sites. The first extraction (burning) is performed in the field at the garimpos and the second (reburning) in gold shops in towns. This practice may cause severe exposure to elemental mercury by inhalation for people working with gold purification. Mercury is also released in substantial amounts to rivers and lakes. This mercury may be bioaccumulated as methylmercury in aquatic food chains. Predatory fish often contain mercury in concentrations that far exceed the safety norms in Brazil. As many people eat fish daily, there is a high exposure to methylmercury. Neurological disorders have been found in exposed persons. Methylmercury concentrations in hair are often at levels that may cause clinical symptoms of Minamata disease. The greatest health hazard index values have been estimated for people eating contaminated fish.
怀孕期间监测甲基汞：母体头发可预测胎儿大脑暴露。
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1995
期刊：
Neurotoxicology.
影响因子：
--
作者：
Cernichiari,E;Brewer,R;Myers,GJ;Marsh,DO;Lapham,LW;Cox,C;Shamlaye,CF;Berlin,M;Davidson,PW;Clarkson,TW
通讯作者：
Clarkson,TW
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Grandjean, P;Weihe, P;Jorgensen, PJ
通讯作者：
Jorgensen, PJ
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Shenker, BJ;Guo, TL;Shpiro, IM
通讯作者：
Shpiro, IM