Establishing causation in climate litigation: admissibility and reliability

Establishing causation in climate litigation: admissibility and reliability
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确定气候诉讼中的因果关系:可受理性和可靠性

DOI:
10.1007/s10584-018-2362-4
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发表时间:
2018
期刊:
影响因子:
4.8
通讯作者:
Hauke Schmidt
Hauke Schmidt
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Tobias Pfrommer;Timo Goeschl;Alexander Proelß;Martin Carrier;Johannes Lenhard;Henrike Martin;Ulrike Niemeier;Hauke Schmidt

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气候诉讼作为一种治理工具重新引起了人们的兴趣。气候诉讼中的一个关键挑战是评估因果关系的事实基础。极端天气归因,特别是归因风险(FAR)的比例,已被提出作为应对这一挑战的一种方式。目前尚不清楚的是,归因科学如何与基于气候模型的证据的法律可采性相互作用。虽然证据必须在法律上被接纳才能在审判中被考虑,但它必须是可靠的,才能使法院得出法律上正确的结论。由于审判各方都有动机提出有利于其案件的证据,因此可否受理要求与提出的证据的可靠性是有联系的。我们就如何通过修改一套现有的可采性标准--Daubert标准--来适应可采纳性标准中的远估计提出了具体的建议。我们认为,五个Daubert标准中的两个不适合处理这种证据,用直接涉及FAR估计可靠性的标准取代这些标准是足够的。最后,我们强调指出,法院依赖于一个框架的存在和可获得性,以确定在执行此类标准时的远期外汇储备估计的可靠性。
Climate litigation has attracted renewed interest as a governance tool. A key challenge in climate litigation is to assess the factual basis of causation. Extreme weather attribution, specifically the Fraction of Attributable Risk (FAR), has been proposed as a way to tackle this challenge. What remains unclear is how attribution science interacts with the legal admissibility of evidence based on climate models. While evidence has to be legally admissible in order to be considered in a trial, it has to be reliable in order for the court to arrive at a legally correct conclusion. Since parties to the trial have incentives to produce evidence favorable to their case, admissibility requirements and the reliability of the evidence brought forward are linked. We provide a specific proposal for how to accommodate FAR estimates in admissibility standards by modifying an existing set of admissibility criteria, the Daubert criteria. We argue that two of the five Daubert criteria are unsuitable for dealing with such evidence and that replacing those criteria with ones directly addressing the reliability of FAR estimates is adequate. Lastly, we highlight the dependence of courts on both the existence and accessibility of a framework to determine the reliability of FAR estimates in executing such criteria.
DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2004.044792
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影响因子: --
作者:
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期刊: JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
影响因子: 4.9
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发表时间: 2015
期刊:
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