Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B cleaves GSDMA and triggers pyroptosis.

Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B cleaves GSDMA and triggers pyroptosis.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41586-021-04384-4
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发表时间:
2022-03
期刊:
影响因子:
64.8
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
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--
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Gasdermin 是人体中五种成孔蛋白 (GSDMA-GSDME) 的家族,主要在皮肤、粘膜和免疫前哨细胞中表达,是炎症细胞死亡(细胞焦亡)的关键执行者,它将免疫细胞招募到感染部位并促进保护性免疫。孔的形成是由gasdermin 裂解引发的。尽管激活 GSDMB、C、D 和 E 的蛋白酶已被鉴定,但 GSDMA(皮肤中的主要 Gasdermin)是如何被激活的仍然未知。化脓性链球菌,也称为 A 族链球菌 (GAS),是一种主要的皮肤病原体,在全世界范围内导致大量发病率和死亡率。在这里,我们展示了 GAS 半胱氨酸蛋白酶 SpeB 毒力因子通过在 Gln246 后切割 GSDMA,释放触发细胞焦亡的活性 N 末端片段来触发角质形成细胞焦亡。 Gsdma1 遗传缺陷会削弱小鼠对 GAS 的免疫反应,导致细菌传播失控和死亡。 GSDMA 既充当 GAS SpeB 的传感器和底物,又充当触发细胞焦亡的效应器,增加了一种简单的单分子机制,用于宿主识别和控制危险微生物病原体的毒力。
Gasdermins, a family of five pore-forming proteins (GSDMA–GSDME) in humans expressed predominantly in the skin, mucosa and immune sentinel cells, are key executioners of inflammatory cell death (pyroptosis), which recruits immune cells to infection sites and promotes protective immunity. Pore formation is triggered by gasdermin cleavage. Although the proteases that activate GSDMB, C, D and E have been identified, how GSDMA—the dominant gasdermin in the skin—is activated, remains unknown. Streptococcus pyogenes, also known as group A Streptococcus (GAS), is a major skin pathogen that causes substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Here we show that the GAS cysteine protease SpeB virulence factor triggers keratinocyte pyroptosis by cleaving GSDMA after Gln246, unleashing an active N-terminal fragment that triggers pyroptosis. Gsdma1 genetic deficiency blunts mouse immune responses to GAS, resulting in uncontrolled bacterial dissemination and death. GSDMA acts as both a sensor and substrate of GAS SpeB and as an effector to trigger pyroptosis, adding a simple one-molecule mechanism for host recognition and control of virulence of a dangerous microbial pathogen.
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