Pre-Cambrian roots of novel Antarctic cryptoendolithic bacterial lineages.
Pre-Cambrian roots of novel Antarctic cryptoendolithic bacterial lineages.
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DOI：
10.1186/s40168-021-01021-0
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发表时间：
2021-03-19
期刊：
影响因子：
15.5
通讯作者：
Donati C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Albanese D;Coleine C;Rota-Stabelli O;Onofri S;Tringe SG;Stajich JE;Selbmann L;Donati C
隐石群落是居住在多孔岩石中的微生物生态系统，能够在南极沙漠无冰地区的生物潜力边缘持续存在。这些地区包括麦克默多干谷，通常被认为是最接近火星环境的陆地对应物，并被认为在发现这些神秘的生命形式之前没有生命。尽管它们作为陆地生态系统生物早期殖民和适应极端压力条件的模型，但对居住在这些环境中的细菌物种的进化，多样性和遗传组成知之甚少。使用Illumina Novaseq平台，我们从南极洲大陆收集的岩石中产生了第一个宏基因组，沿着海拔834至3100米（a.s.l.）的海拔横断面，距离约沿着350公里。总共组装了497个细菌基因组草图序列，并聚集成269个在公共数据库中缺乏代表性基因组的候选物种。放线菌代表最丰富的门，其次是绿弯曲菌和变形菌。在所有样本中都记录到了“Anastritus Jiangella anastritica”，这表明该物种对最恶劣的南极沙漠环境具有高度的适应性和专业化。这些新物种中的大多数属于单系细菌分支，在12亿至410 Ma的范围内从相关类群中分化出来，并且在功能上与已知的相关类群不同。我们的研究结果显着增加了几个分类群的基因组数据库，迄今为止，代表了第一个例子，细菌基因组从石器时代的社区。它们的古老起源似乎与该大陆的地质历史无关，相反，它们可能代表了在托尼亚冰川作用中进化的原始分支的进化残余。这些独特的基因组资源将支持未来对这些生命边缘生态系统的结构，进化和功能的研究。视频摘要在线版本包含补充材料，可通过10. 1186/s40168-021-01021-0获取。
Cryptoendolithic communities are microbial ecosystems dwelling inside porous rocks that are able to persist at the edge of the biological potential for life in the ice-free areas of the Antarctic desert. These regions include the McMurdo Dry Valleys, often accounted as the closest terrestrial counterpart of the Martian environment and thought to be devoid of life until the discovery of these cryptic life-forms. Despite their interest as a model for the early colonization by living organisms of terrestrial ecosystems and for adaptation to extreme conditions of stress, little is known about the evolution, diversity, and genetic makeup of bacterial species that reside in these environments. Using the Illumina Novaseq platform, we generated the first metagenomes from rocks collected in Continental Antarctica over a distance of about 350 km along an altitudinal transect from 834 up to 3100 m above sea level (a.s.l.). A total of 497 draft bacterial genome sequences were assembled and clustered into 269 candidate species that lack a representative genome in public databases. Actinobacteria represent the most abundant phylum, followed by Chloroflexi and Proteobacteria. The “Candidatus Jiangella antarctica” has been recorded across all samples, suggesting a high adaptation and specialization of this species to the harshest Antarctic desert environment. The majority of these new species belong to monophyletic bacterial clades that diverged from related taxa in a range from 1.2 billion to 410 Ma and are functionally distinct from known related taxa. Our findings significantly increase the repertoire of genomic data for several taxa and, to date, represent the first example of bacterial genomes recovered from endolithic communities. Their ancient origin seems to not be related to the geological history of the continent, rather they may represent evolutionary remnants of pristine clades that evolved across the Tonian glaciation. These unique genomic resources will underpin future studies on the structure, evolution, and function of these ecosystems at the edge of life. Video abstract The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40168-021-01021-0.
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