The Gut Microbiome as Possible Key to Understanding and Improving Rotavirus Vaccine Performance in High-Disease Burden Settings.
The Gut Microbiome as Possible Key to Understanding and Improving Rotavirus Vaccine Performance in High-Disease Burden Settings.
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肠道微生物组可能是了解和提高高疾病负担环境中轮状病毒疫苗性能的关键。
DOI：
10.1093/infdis/jiw521
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Iturriza-Gómara M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Iturriza-Gómara M
胃肠炎仍然是世界范围内疾病和死亡的主要原因，是资源匮乏环境中幼儿死亡的第二大常见原因，2013年估计造成578000名5岁以下儿童死亡[1]。2006年至2013年期间，在超过60个国家引入了两种口服轮状病毒活疫苗（RV 1和RV 5），导致轮状病毒腹泻的全球负担显著降低，轮状病毒相关死亡人数减半，从2000年的估计528000人降至2013年的215000人[2]。尽管轮状病毒疫苗具有影响，但在亚洲和非洲资源贫乏国家的儿童中，轮状病毒疫苗的有效性明显降低[3，4]，大多数轮状病毒死亡发生在这些国家。虽然口服脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗已成功地消除了大多数国家的脊髓灰质炎病毒传播，但有充分证据表明，口服脊髓灰质炎、霍乱和志贺氏菌病疫苗在低收入国家的儿童中免疫原性较低[5]，并且在最需要的人群中其有效性受到影响。低收入国家对轮状病毒疫苗应答较差的原因尚未完全了解，其中许多原因密切相关;因此，除了轮状病毒毒株异质性可能影响疫苗效力差异外[6]，各种宿主和环境因素可能导致轮状病毒疫苗表现不佳;这些因素包括母体抗体、接种疫苗时的年龄、与口服脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗的共同施用、组织学抗原组抗原、地方性感染如疟疾、结核病或人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV），持续暴露于环境中的肠道和其他病原体、肠道炎症、微量营养素缺乏和肠道微生物群改变[7-10]。
Gastroenteritis remains a leading cause of disease and death worldwide and is the second most common cause of death in young children in resource-poor settings, responsible for an estimated 578000 deaths in children< 5 years old in 2013 [1]. The introduction of 2 live oral rotavirus vaccines (RV1 and RV5) in> 60 countries between 2006 and 2013 has led to significant reductions in the global burden of rotavirus diarrhea, with a halving of the number of rotavirus-associated deaths, from an estimated 528000 in 2000 to 215000 in 2013 [2]. Despite their impact, rotavirus vaccines are significantly less effective in children living in resource-poor countries in Asia and Africa [3, 4], where the majority of deaths from rotavirus occur. Although the live attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine has successfully eliminated the circulation of poliovirus from most countries, there is ample evidence that oral vaccines against poliomyelitis, cholera, and shigellosis are less immunogenic among children living in low-income countries [5] and that their effectiveness is compromised in those populations who need them most. The reasons for poorer responses to rotavirus vaccines in low-income countries are not fully understood, and many are intimately interlinked; thus, in addition to the potential for rotavirus strain heterogeneity to affect differential vaccine efficacy [6], various host and environmental factors could contribute to the underperformance of rotavirus vaccines; these include maternal antibody, age at vaccination, coadministration with oral poliovirus vaccine, histoblood group antigen, endemic infections such as malaria, tuberculosis, or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), persistent exposure to enteric and other pathogens in the environment, gut inflammation, micronutrient deficiencies, and altered gut microbiota [7–10].
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影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Takahiro Yamada;D. Takahashi;K. Hase
通讯作者：
Takahiro Yamada;D. Takahashi;K. Hase
影响因子：
16.6
作者：
Brown EM;Wlodarska M;Willing BP;Vonaesch P;Han J;Reynolds LA;Arrieta MC;Uhrig M;Scholz R;Partida O;Borchers CH;Sansonetti PJ;Finlay BB
通讯作者：
Finlay BB
影响因子：
11.8
作者：
Sindhu, Kulandaipalayam N. C.;Sowmyanarayanan, Thuppal V.;Kang, Gagandeep
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Kang, Gagandeep
TLR5介导的肠道微生物群的感觉是对季节性流感疫苗接种的抗体反应所必需的。
影响因子：
32.4
作者：
Oh, Jason Z.;Ravindran, Rajesh;Chassaing, Benoit;Carvalho, Frederic A.;Maddur, Mohan S.;Bower, Maureen;Hakimpour, Paul;Gill, Kiran P.;Nakaya, Helder I.;Yarovinsky, Felix;Sartor, R. Balfour;Gewirtz, Andrew T.;Pulendran, Bali
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影响因子：
56.3
作者：
Grassly, Nicholas C.;Praharaj, Ira;Kang, Gagandeep
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Kang, Gagandeep