Co-optimization and community: Maximizing the benefits of distributed electricity and water technologies

Co-optimization and community: Maximizing the benefits of distributed electricity and water technologies
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协同优化和社区:最大限度地发挥分布式电力和水技术的优势

DOI:
10.1016/j.scs.2020.102515
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
11.7
通讯作者:
Leibowicz, Benjamin D.
Leibowicz, Benjamin D.
中科院分区:
工程技术1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Jones, Erick C.;Leibowicz, Benjamin D.

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分布式水和能源技术有可能减少对集中式基础设施、家庭公用事业账单和碳足迹的依赖。由于投资回收期长、消费者意识有限、资金限制和资源间歇性挑战等问题,目前的采用率仍然很低。在本研究中,我们评估了两种系统设计概念的能力,以提高分布式水和能源技术的经济性,并最终鼓励它们更广泛的采用:(1)共同优化水和能源技术投资和运营,(2)投资于社区规模而不是家庭规模的系统。我们通过制定最佳系统设计和调度的混合整数线性规划来探索这些方法的好处。我们的案例研究将此模型应用于德克萨斯州奥斯汀的一个社区。结果表明,当资源和需求在更大的社区尺度上集中时,分布式电力和水的生产增加,总成本降低。这些社区规模的系统使更广泛的技术在经济上可行,并由于系统集成而提高了资产利用率。共同优化分布式水和能源投资的成本和碳减排效益是显著的,特别是在较高的聚集水平上。虽然单独的分布式水生产往往会增加碳排放,但与适当的分布式发电技术相辅相成,可以同时产生经济和环境效益。
Distributed water and energy technologies have the potential to reduce reliance on centralized infrastructures, household utility bills, and carbon footprints. Current adoption levels remain low because of issues such as long payback periods, limited consumer awareness, capital constraints, and resource intermittency challenges. In this study, we assess the ability of two system design concepts to improve the economics of distributed water and energy technologies, and ultimately encourage their broader adoption: (1) co-optimizing water and energy technology investments and operations, and (2) investing in community-scale rather than home-scale systems. We explore the benefits of these approaches by formulating a mixed-integer linear program for optimal system design and dispatch. Our case study applies this model to a neighborhood in Austin, Texas. Results show that distributed electricity and water production increase, and total cost decreases, when resources and demands are pooled at larger community scales. These community-scale systems make a wider range of technologies economically viable and enable greater asset utilization due to systems integration. The cost and carbon emissions reduction benefits of co-optimizing distributed water and energy investments are significant, especially at higher aggregation levels. While distributed water production alone tends to increase carbon emissions, complementing it with appropriate distributed electricity generation technologies can yield simultaneous economic and environmental benefits.
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