Hunter-Gatherers in context: Mammal community composition in a northern Tanzania landscape used by Hadza foragers and Datoga pastoralists.
Hunter-Gatherers in context: Mammal community composition in a northern Tanzania landscape used by Hadza foragers and Datoga pastoralists.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0251076
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Kiffner C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wood BM;Millar RS;Wright N;Baumgartner J;Holmquist H;Kiffner C
在撒哈拉以南非洲的许多地区，大型哺乳动物出现在人类占主导地位的地区，但在传统狩猎采集者和牧民占据的地区，它们的群落组成和数量很少被描述。对这些地区哺乳动物种群的调查提供了重要的生物多样性措施，并为了解狩猎行为提供了生态背景。在坦桑尼亚北部覆盖36平方公里半干旱大草原的哈扎狩猎采集营地为中心的采样网格中，我们使用相机陷阱（n = 19个站点）对哺乳动物进行了为期5个月（2182个陷阱夜）的评估。在研究区（哈扎语Tli 'ika），我们记录了36种野生哺乳动物。稀疏曲线表明，采样努力足以捕获哺乳动物物种丰富度，但未检测到一些已知在较宽区域以低密度出现的物种（如非洲狮、角马）。野生动物物种的相对丰度指数变化了3个数量级，从平均0.04（非洲野狗）到20.34捕获事件（柯克迪克迪克）每100个陷阱夜。为了了解研究区域野生动物的相对丰度，我们将研究数据与在坦桑尼亚北部一个完全受保护的地区（曼雅拉湖国家公园）收集的类似相机陷阱数据进行了比较。原始数据和负二项回归分析表明，野生草食动物和野生食肉动物在国家公园的检出率普遍高于hadza占领地区。国家公园明显没有牲畜，但在Tli 'ika检测到的牲畜数量很高，在hadza使用的地区，牛是第二大最常检测到的物种。我们讨论了这些数据如何为当前的保护工作、对哈扎狩猎的研究以及狩猎采集者觅食生态和饮食的模型提供信息。
In many regions of sub Saharan Africa large mammals occur in human-dominated areas, yet their community composition and abundance have rarely been described in areas occupied by traditional hunter-gatherers and pastoralists. Surveys of mammal populations in such areas provide important measures of biodiversity and provide ecological context for understanding hunting practices. Using a sampling grid centered on a Hadza hunter-gatherer camp and covering 36 km2 of semi-arid savannah in northern Tanzania, we assessed mammals using camera traps (n = 19 stations) for c. 5 months (2,182 trap nights). In the study area (Tli’ika in the Hadza language), we recorded 36 wild mammal species. Rarefaction curves suggest that sampling effort was sufficient to capture mammal species richness, yet some species known to occur at low densities in the wider area (e.g. African lions, wildebeest) were not detected. Relative abundance indices of wildlife species varied by c. three orders of magnitude, from a mean of 0.04 (African wild dog) to 20.34 capture events per 100 trap-nights (Kirk’s dik dik). To contextualize the relative abundance of wildlife in the study area, we compared our study’s data to comparable camera trap data collected in a fully protected area of northern Tanzania with similar rainfall (Lake Manyara National Park). Raw data and negative binomial regression analyses show that wild herbivores and wild carnivores were generally detected in the national park at higher rates than in the Hadza-occupied region. Livestock were notably absent from the national park, but were detected at high levels in Tli’ika, and cattle was the second most frequently detected species in the Hadza-used area. We discuss how these data inform current conservation efforts, studies of Hadza hunting, and models of hunter-gatherer foraging ecology and diet.
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