Winter oceanographic conditions predict summer bull kelp canopy cover in northern California.
Winter oceanographic conditions predict summer bull kelp canopy cover in northern California.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0267737
复制
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
牛海带是东北太平洋的标志性海带森林物种，为沿海海洋物种和社会提供广泛的生态系统服务。在美国加利福尼亚州北部，Nerecystis的丰度在2014年急剧下降，至今仍未恢复。虽然2014年前存在非生物和生物应激源，但种群崩溃突显了更好地了解环境条件如何影响Nerecystis的必要性。在这项研究中，我们使用了一个新开发的基于卫星的牛海带丰度数据集，以树冠覆盖率为指标，验证了冬季海洋条件决定夏季海藻树冠覆盖率的假设。在崩塌前几年(1991年至2013年)，在多变量海洋气候指标(MOCI)中综合的冬季海洋状况确实是夏季Nerecystis树冠覆盖的良好预测因子(R2=0.40至0.87)。我们将这种关系归因于上升流和/或温度对养分有效性的影响。在加利福尼亚州的Point Arena南部，冬季海洋状况的解释力略低于Point Arena北部，这也反映了春季上升流驱动的营养物质夹带。结果表明，Nerecystis配子体和(或)早期孢子体对冬季海洋条件较为敏感。此外，2014年冬季的环境条件可以用来预测2014年夏天Nerecystis的崩溃，以及Point Arena以北的海藻2015年的进一步下降。重要的是，环境模型无法预测2015年后海带的变化，这表明生物因素抑制了海带的恢复，很可能是极端的海胆食草性。冬季的条件在生物物理相互作用的研究中经常被忽视，这有助于预测夏季海藻森林的树冠覆盖率，并将有助于支持加州乃至世界其他地方的海藻恢复行动。
Bull kelp, Nereocystis luetkeana, is an iconic kelp forest species of the Northeast Pacific that provides a wide range of ecosystem services to coastal marine species and society. In northern California, U.S.A., Nereocystis abundance declined sharply in 2014 and has yet to recover. While abiotic and biotic stressors were present prior to 2014, the population collapse highlights the need for a better understanding of how environmental conditions impact Nereocystis. In this study, we used a newly-developed, satellite-based dataset of bull kelp abundance, proxied by canopy cover over 20 years, to test the hypothesis that winter oceanographic conditions determine summer Nereocystis canopy cover. For the years before the collapse (1991 through 2013), wintertime ocean conditions, synthesized in a Multivariate Ocean Climate Indicator (MOCI), were indeed a good predictor of summer Nereocystis canopy cover (R2 = 0.40 to 0.87). We attribute this relationship to the effects of upwelling and/or temperature on nutrient availability. South of Point Arena, California, winter ocean conditions had slightly lower explanatory power than north of Point Arena, also reflective of spring upwelling-driven nutrient entrainment. Results suggest that the Nereocystis gametophytes and/or early sporophytes are sensitive to winter oceanographic conditions. Furthermore, environmental conditions in winter 2014 could have been used to predict the Nereocystis collapse in summer 2014, and for kelp north of Point Arena, a further decline in 2015. Importantly, environmental models do not predict changes in kelp after 2015, suggesting biotic factors suppressed kelp recovery, most likely extreme sea urchin herbivory. Conditions during winter, a season that is often overlooked in studies of biophysical interactions, are useful for predicting summer Nereocystis kelp forest canopy cover, and will be useful in supporting kelp restoration actions in California and perhaps elsewhere in the world.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Dobkowski, Katie A.;Flanagan, K. Darby;Nordstrom, Jessica R.
通讯作者：
Nordstrom, Jessica R.
影响因子：
6.8
作者：
AKAIKE, H
通讯作者：
AKAIKE, H
影响因子：
11.6
作者：
Beas-Luna, Rodrigo;Micheli, Fiorenza;Torres-Moye, Guillermo
通讯作者：
Torres-Moye, Guillermo
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Fredriksen, Stein;Filbee-Dexter, Karen;Wernberg, Thomas
通讯作者：
Wernberg, Thomas
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Cavanaugh, Kyle C.;Reed, Daniel C.;Beas-Luna, Rodrigo
通讯作者：
Beas-Luna, Rodrigo