Priors Bias Perceptual Decisions in Autism, But Are Less Flexibly Adjusted to the Context
Priors Bias Perceptual Decisions in Autism, But Are Less Flexibly Adjusted to the Context
复制标题
先验对自闭症的感知决策存在偏见，但不太灵活地适应环境
作者：
Laurie;Laura Timmermans;J. Wagemans
根据预测编码框架，感知来自感官输入和先验知识的组合，其相对贡献取决于其可靠性。最近的预测编码理论表明，自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的特点是一个非典型的加权先验。在这里，我们评估了ASD患者是否可以灵活地调整上下文之前的权重（精度）。31名神经正常成年人（NT）和26名患有ASD的成年人参加了一项旨在引起时间顺序效应（TOE）的视觉辨别任务。TOE反映了先验与感官估计的整合。我们使用了两个实验背景：一个窄的刺激范围（窄条件）和一个更广泛的范围（宽条件），以诱导一个更高和更低的精度，分别先验。两组人都学到了一个先验知识，这个先验知识会使他们的感知产生偏差，如TOE所示。正如预期的那样，NT组在窄条件下的TOE大于宽条件下的TOE，揭示了先前精度的上下文调整。相比之下，ASD参与者更不灵活：TOE的程度不受上下文的调节。此外，当刺激范围减小时，两组的准确性都增加，这可以解释为感觉精确性的上下文调整。总而言之，患有和没有ASD的成年人隐性地学习了先前的平均值，但ASD参与者未能根据上下文灵活地调整先前的精确度。ASD患者的这种增加的可解释性可以解释许多症状，例如他们对不确定性的不容忍。
According to the predictive coding framework, percepts emerge from combinations of sensory input and prior knowledge, whose relative contributions depend on their reliability. Recent predictive coding theories suggest that Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) could be characterized by an atypical weighting of priors. Here, we assessed whether individuals with ASD can flexibly adjust the weight (precision) of the prior to the context. Thirty‐one neurotypical adults (NT) and 26 adults with ASD participated in a visual discrimination task designed to elicit a time‐order effect (TOE). The TOE reflects the integration of priors with sensory estimates. We used two experimental contexts: a narrow stimulus range (Narrow condition) and a broader range (Broad condition) in order to induce a prior with a higher and lower precision, respectively. Both groups learned a prior that biased their perception, as shown with the TOE. As expected, the NT group had a larger TOE in the Narrow condition than in the Broad condition, revealing a contextual adjustment of the prior precision. In contrast, ASD participants were more inflexible: the extent of the TOE was not modulated by the context. In addition, the accuracy increased when the stimulus range decreased in both group, which may be interpreted as a contextual adjustment of the sensory precision. To conclude, adults with and without ASD implicitly learned a prior mean, but ASD participants failed to flexibly adjust the prior precision to the context. This increased inflexibility in ASD could account for many symptoms, such as their intolerance of uncertainty.
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
D'Cruz, Anna-Maria;Ragozzino, Michael E.;Mosconi, Matthew W.;Shrestha, Sunil;Cook, Edwin H.;Sweeney, John A.
通讯作者：
Sweeney, John A.