Reduced behavioral flexibility in autism spectrum disorders.
Reduced behavioral flexibility in autism spectrum disorders.
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DOI：
10.1037/a0031721
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发表时间：
2013-03
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Sweeney, John A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D'Cruz, Anna-Maria;Ragozzino, Michael E.;Mosconi, Matthew W.;Shrestha, Sunil;Cook, Edwin H.;Sweeney, John A.
受限的和重复的行为，以及对行为和环境一致性的显著偏好，是自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的显著特征。自闭症谱系障碍的这些临床特征是否与行为灵活性方面的基本神经心理损伤有关仍有待阐明。
41名自闭症谱系障碍患者和37名匹配的对照组人员完成了一项概率反转学习任务以评估行为灵活性。参与者学习从一对位置中选择正确的刺激位置来赢取分数（习得阶段）。在多次试验中做出正确选择之后，有奖励的刺激位置会毫无预警地改变（反转阶段）。反馈是按照80∶20的概率模式提供的，即80%的正确选择和20%的错误选择会被随机强化。
自闭症谱系障碍患者和对照组人员在习得阶段表现相当。在反转阶段，自闭症谱系障碍患者最初像对照组一样迅速选择新的正确位置，但随后更频繁地回到之前偏好的反应。自闭症谱系障碍组在新的正确反应间歇性未得到强化之后，也更频繁地回到之前的反应选择。回归性错误的数量与受限和重复行为的独立确定的临床评级呈正相关，但与自闭症谱系障碍的其他核心特征无关。
自闭症谱系障碍中的受限和重复行为与灵活选择行为方面的神经认知缺陷有关。临床前研究已经确定，额叶 - 纹状体回路支持反转学习任务的灵活性。因此，该回路的改变可能导致自闭症谱系障碍中的行为僵化，并成为治疗干预的一个目标。
Restricted and repetitive behaviors, and a pronounced preference for behavioral and environmental consistency, are distinctive characteristics of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Whether these clinical features of ASD are related to fundamental neuropsychological impairments in behavioral flexibility remains to be clarified. Forty-one individuals with ASD and 37 matched controls performed a probabilistic reversal learning task to assess behavioral flexibility. Participants learned to choose the correct stimulus location from a pair of locations to win points (acquisition). After making the correct choice over multiple trials, the rewarded stimulus location changed without warning (reversal). Feedback was provided on an 80:20 probabilistic schedule, with 80% of correct choices and 20% of incorrect choices randomly reinforced. ASD and control participants performed comparably during acquisition. At reversal, ASD participants initially chose the new correct location as quickly as controls, but then more frequently reverted back to the previously preferred response. The ASD group also more frequently shifted back to the previous response choice immediately following intermittent non-reinforcement of the new correct response. The number of regressive errors was positively correlated with independently ascertained clinical ratings of restricted and repetitive behaviors, but not other core features of ASD. Restricted and repetitive behaviors in ASD are associated with neurocognitive deficits in flexible choice behavior. Preclinical research has established that frontostriatal circuitry supports flexibility on reversal learning tasks. Thus, alterations in this circuitry may contribute to behavioral rigidity in ASD and represent a target for therapeutic intervention.
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