Making Blood: The Haematopoietic Niche throughout Ontogeny.
Making Blood: The Haematopoietic Niche throughout Ontogeny.
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DOI：
10.1155/2015/571893
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Fraser ST
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Al-Drees MA;Yeo JH;Boumelhem BB;Antas VI;Brigden KW;Colonne CK;Fraser ST
成人体内大约四分之一的细胞是血细胞。因此，造血系统规模庞大，需要在稳态条件下进行精确的调节。它还必须能够在需要时做出反应，例如在感染期间或失血后，以产生更多的血细胞。支持细胞在稳态和病理条件下维持造血干细胞和祖细胞。这种在特定组织中组织的支持性细胞类型的联盟被称为造血生态位。造血干细胞和祖细胞在哺乳动物胚胎发生过程中在许多不同的位置产生。这些干细胞和祖细胞通过孕体迁移到各种解剖位置，直到最终在出生前不久回到骨髓。在压力下，髓外造血可以发生在通常缺乏造血活动的区域。我们在这篇综述中的目的是检查正常和病理条件下整个胚胎和成人的血液生产，以确定每个生态位之间的共性和区别。更清楚地了解每个造血生态位的机制可以应用于改善造血干细胞的离体培养，并可能导致移植医学的新方向。
Approximately one-quarter of all cells in the adult human body are blood cells. The haematopoietic system is therefore massive in scale and requires exquisite regulation to be maintained under homeostatic conditions. It must also be able to respond when needed, such as during infection or following blood loss, to produce more blood cells. Supporting cells serve to maintain haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells during homeostatic and pathological conditions. This coalition of supportive cell types, organised in specific tissues, is termed the haematopoietic niche. Haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells are generated in a number of distinct locations during mammalian embryogenesis. These stem and progenitor cells migrate to a variety of anatomical locations through the conceptus until finally homing to the bone marrow shortly before birth. Under stress, extramedullary haematopoiesis can take place in regions that are typically lacking in blood-producing activity. Our aim in this review is to examine blood production throughout the embryo and adult, under normal and pathological conditions, to identify commonalities and distinctions between each niche. A clearer understanding of the mechanism underlying each haematopoietic niche can be applied to improving ex vivo cultures of haematopoietic stem cells and potentially lead to new directions for transplantation medicine.
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