Genetic evidence that the Makira region in northeastern Madagascar is a hotspot of malaria transmission.
Genetic evidence that the Makira region in northeastern Madagascar is a hotspot of malaria transmission.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12936-016-1644-4
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发表时间：
2016-12-20
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Hartl DL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rice BL;Golden CD;Anjaranirina EJ;Botelho CM;Volkman SK;Hartl DL
在过去十年中，非洲大部分地区在控制恶性疟原虫疟疾方面取得了令人鼓舞的进展。然而，相对流行率和传播率较高的地区仍未得到处理或认识不到，这对这一进展构成威胁。确定这种局部热点的困难包括监测不足，特别是在偏远地区，以及直接估计传播所需的成本和劳动力。遗传数据可以为这种经验性估计提供一种急需的替代方法，因为疟原虫种群内的遗传变异模式可以表明当地的传播水平。在这里，遗传数据被用来提供第一个经验估计的恶性疟原虫疟疾流行和传播动态的农村，偏远的马达加斯加东北部的Makira地区。纵向调查的队列698个人（男女，0-74岁）在两个社区接壤的Makira自然公园保护区。快速诊断试验，分子方法的确认，用于估计恶性疟原虫流行率在三个季节性时间点相隔4个月的时间间隔。对94例恶性疟原虫感染进行了一组多态性、pupelin-neutral标记的基因组位点基因分型，并用于表征已知与传播水平相关的遗传参数。总体而言，在10个月的研究过程中，27.8%的人检测出恶性疟原虫阳性，这一比例约为马达加斯加全国平均水平的7倍。在这些恶性疟原虫感染中，观察到高水平的基因型多样性和高频率的多基因组感染（68.1%），提供了与高和稳定传播一致的模式。流行率和遗传多样性数据表明，Makira地区是马达加斯加恶性疟原虫传播的热点地区。这表明，该地区应被强调为未来的干预措施，并在附近的生态相似的地区可能存在更多的高传播地区。本文的在线版本（doi：10.1186/s12936-016-1644-4）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
Encouraging advances in the control of Plasmodium falciparum malaria have been observed across much of Africa in the past decade. However, regions of high relative prevalence and transmission that remain unaddressed or unrecognized provide a threat to this progress. Difficulties in identifying such localized hotspots include inadequate surveillance, especially in remote regions, and the cost and labor needed to produce direct estimates of transmission. Genetic data can provide a much-needed alternative to such empirical estimates, as the pattern of genetic variation within malaria parasite populations is indicative of the level of local transmission. Here, genetic data were used to provide the first empirical estimates of P. falciparum malaria prevalence and transmission dynamics for the rural, remote Makira region of northeastern Madagascar. Longitudinal surveys of a cohort of 698 total individuals (both sexes, 0–74 years of age) were performed in two communities bordering the Makira Natural Park protected area. Rapid diagnostic tests, with confirmation by molecular methods, were used to estimate P. falciparum prevalence at three seasonal time points separated by 4-month intervals. Genomic loci in a panel of polymorphic, putatively neutral markers were genotyped for 94 P. falciparum infections and used to characterize genetic parameters known to correlate with transmission levels. Overall, 27.8% of individuals tested positive for P. falciparum over the 10-month course of the study, a rate approximately sevenfold higher than the countrywide average for Madagascar. Among those P. falciparum infections, a high level of genotypic diversity and a high frequency of polygenomic infections (68.1%) were observed, providing a pattern consistent with high and stable transmission. Prevalence and genetic diversity data indicate that the Makira region is a hotspot of P. falciparum transmission in Madagascar. This suggests that the area should be highlighted for future interventions and that additional areas of high transmission may be present in ecologically similar regions nearby. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-016-1644-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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影响因子：
3
作者：
Ratovonjato J;Randrianarivelojosia M;Rakotondrainibe ME;Raharimanga V;Andrianaivolambo L;Le Goff G;Rogier C;Ariey F;Boyer S;Robert V
通讯作者：
Robert V
影响因子：
3
作者：
Maïga-Ascofaré O;Rakotozandrindrainy R;Girmann M;Hahn A;Randriamampionona N;Poppert S;May J;Schwarz NG
通讯作者：
Schwarz NG
影响因子：
3
作者：
Kesteman, Thomas;Rafalimanantsoa, Solofoniaina A.;Randrianarivelojosia, Milijaona
通讯作者：
Randrianarivelojosia, Milijaona
影响因子：
3
作者：
Kesteman, Thomas;Randrianarivelojosia, Milijaona;Rogier, Christophe
通讯作者：
Rogier, Christophe
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1505691112
发表时间：
2015-06-02
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Daniels, Rachel F.;Schaffner, Stephen F.;Wirth, Dyann F.
通讯作者：
Wirth, Dyann F.