Entomological and parasitological impacts of indoor residual spraying with DDT, alphacypermethrin and deltamethrin in the western foothill area of Madagascar.
Entomological and parasitological impacts of indoor residual spraying with DDT, alphacypermethrin and deltamethrin in the western foothill area of Madagascar.
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DOI：
10.1186/1475-2875-13-21
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发表时间：
2014-01-14
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Robert V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ratovonjato J;Randrianarivelojosia M;Rakotondrainibe ME;Raharimanga V;Andrianaivolambo L;Le Goff G;Rogier C;Ariey F;Boyer S;Robert V
在马达加斯加，自二十世纪中叶以来，室内滞留喷洒杀虫剂（IRS）一直是国家疟疾控制计划的一部分。主要用于疟疾流行的高原和山麓地区。在预计从滴滴涕转向拟除虫菊酯的政策变化之前，进行了一项研究，以评估 IRS 对使用滴滴涕或拟除虫菊酯的地区以及没有 IRS 的地区的昆虫学和寄生虫学影响。该研究于2002年10月至2005年2月在马达加斯加西部山麓地区的三个公社进行。两个公社于 2003 年 2 月接受了含有滴滴涕的 IRS，然后于 2004 年 2 月接受了含有拟除虫菊酯（高效氯氰菊酯或溴氰菊酯）的 IRS。第三个公社仍未接受治疗。晚上利用人类着陆捕获物收集蚊子，并在清晨在休息处收集蚊子。从学童身上采集血涂片，并用显微镜检查是否存在疟原虫。总共收集了 18,168 只人类着陆蚊子和 12,932 只静息按蚊。捕获的按蚊种类包括 10 种。主要且最丰富的疟疾媒介是按蚊（Anopheles funestus）（72.3%的人类疟疾媒介是在室内捕获的）。 IRS 实施后，该物种表现出较低的人类咬伤率和较低的子孢子指数。总体而言，检查了 5,174 份血涂片，平均疟原虫指数为 19.9%。总共检测到四种疟原虫。在接受测试的学童中，未经处理的社区疟原虫指数最高为 54.6%，而喷洒滴滴涕的社区为 19.9%，喷洒拟除虫菊酯的社区为 11.9%。调查当天在校儿童中，未经治疗的社区中临床疟疾发病率最高为 33%，而接受 IRS 的地区为 8%。在公共卫生方面，本研究表明：(1) IRS 与杀虫剂具有很高的功效，(2) DDT 和拟除虫菊酯具有相似的功效，(3) 高效氯氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯具有相似的功效。 IRS 与滴滴涕和拟除虫菊酯的使用大大减少了媒介与人类的接触，并相应降低了疟原虫指数。然而，疟疾传播并未达到零，可能是由于疟疾媒介的外向寄主寻找和休息行为，从而避免接触经过杀虫剂处理的室内表面。该研究强调了国税局实施的优点和缺点，以及马达加斯加最佳病媒控制所需的补充工具的必要性。
In Madagascar, indoor residual spraying (IRS) with insecticide was part of the national malaria control programme since the middle of the twentieth century. It was mainly employed in the highlands and the foothill areas, which are prone to malaria epidemics. Prior to a policy change foreseeing a shift from DDT to pyrethroids, a study was carried out to assess the entomological and parasitological impacts of IRS in areas with DDT or pyrethroids and in areas without IRS. The study was carried out from October 2002 to February 2005 in three communes of the western foothill area of Madagascar. Two communes received IRS with DDT in February 2003, then IRS with pyrethroids (alphacypermethrin or deltamethrin) in February 2004. The third commune remained untreated. Mosquitoes were collected at night using human landing catches and early in the morning in resting places. Blood smears were obtained from schoolchildren and microscopically examined for Plasmodium presence. In total, 18,168 human landing mosquitoes and 12,932 resting anophelines were collected. The Anopheles species caught comprised 10 species. The main and most abundant malaria vector was Anopheles funestus (72.3% of human-seeking malaria vectors caught indoors). After IRS had taken place, this species exhibited a lower human biting rate and a lower sporozoite index. Overall, 5,174 blood smears were examined with a mean plasmodic index of 19.9%. A total of four Plasmodium species were detected. Amongst tested school children the highest plasmodial index was 54.6% in the untreated commune, compared to 19.9% in the commune sprayed with DDT and 11.9% in the commune sprayed with pyrethroid. The highest prevalence of clinical malaria attacks in children present at school the day of the survey was 33% in the untreated commune compared to 8% in the areas which received IRS. In terms of public health, the present study shows (1) a high efficacy of IRS with insecticide, (2) a similar efficacy of DDT and pyrethroid and (3) a similar efficacy of alphacypermethrin and deltamethrin. The use of IRS with DDT and pyrethroid greatly decreased the vector-human contact, with an associated decrease of the plasmodial index. However malaria transmission did not reach zero, probably due to the exophilic host-seeking and resting behaviours of the malaria vectors, thus avoiding contact with insecticide-treated surfaces indoors. The study highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the IRS implementation and the need for complementary tools for an optimal vector control in Madagascar.
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影响因子：
2.1
作者：
BEIER, JC;PERKINS, PV;KOECH, DK
通讯作者：
KOECH, DK
DOI：
10.1016/s0035-9203(01)90317-7
发表时间：
2001-01-01
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Jambou, R;Ranaivo, L;Boisier, P
通讯作者：
Boisier, P
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Basseri H;Raeisi A;Ranjbar Khakha M;Pakarai A;Abdolghafar H
通讯作者：
Abdolghafar H
影响因子：
3
作者：
Chaccour CJ;Kobylinski KC;Bassat Q;Bousema T;Drakeley C;Alonso P;Foy BD
通讯作者：
Foy BD
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
Fontenille, D;Meunier, JY;Tchuinkam, T
通讯作者：
Tchuinkam, T