The dynamics of morphogenesis in stem cell-based embryology: Novel insights for symmetry breaking.

The dynamics of morphogenesis in stem cell-based embryology: Novel insights for symmetry breaking.
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干细胞胚胎学中形态发生的动力学:对称性破缺的新见解。

DOI:
10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.12.005
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发表时间:
2021-06
影响因子:
2.7
通讯作者:
Zernicka-Goetz M
Zernicka-Goetz M
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sozen B;Cornwall-Scoones J;Zernicka-Goetz M

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打破胚胎对称性是将最初对称的胚胎塑造成高度组织的身体计划的基本前提,这是成年生物体的蓝图。这一关键过程是由指导前后轴规范的形态因子信号梯度驱动的。尽管它很重要,但在哺乳动物胚胎中,是什么触发了对称性破坏,以及信号梯度是如何在时间和空间上建立的,仍然很大程度上是未知的。基于干细胞的胚胎发生体外模型为定量剖析塑造哺乳动物胚胎的多种物理和分子过程提供了前所未有的机会。在这里,我们回顾了在体内控制早期哺乳动物模式的生化机制,并重点介绍了使用干细胞在体外重建这一模式的最新进展。我们讨论了来自这些模型系统的新见解如何扩展了先前提出的概念,以阐明胚胎细胞在胚胎发生过程中具有产生特定的、可复制的模式的内在能力的程度。
Breaking embryonic symmetry is an essential prerequisite to shape the initially symmetric embryo into a highly organized body plan that serves as the blueprint of the adult organism. This critical process is driven by morphogen signaling gradients that instruct anteroposterior axis specification. Despite its fundamental importance, what triggers symmetry breaking and how the signaling gradients are established in time and space in the mammalian embryo remain largely unknown. Stem cell-based in vitro models of embryogenesis offer an unprecedented opportunity to quantitatively dissect the multiple physical and molecular processes that shape the mammalian embryo. Here we review biochemical mechanisms governing early mammalian patterning in vivo and highlight recent advances to recreate this in vitro using stem cells. We discuss how the novel insights from these model systems extend previously proposed concepts to illuminate the extent to which embryonic cells have the intrinsic capability to generate specific, reproducible patterns during embryogenesis.
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