Microbiota in health and diseases.

Microbiota in health and diseases.
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健康和疾病中的微生物群。

DOI:
10.1038/s41392-022-00974-4
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发表时间:
2022-04-23
影响因子:
39.3
通讯作者:
Chen, Zhe-Sheng
Chen, Zhe-Sheng
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hou, Kaijian;Wu, Zhuo-Xun;Chen, Xuan-Yu;Wang, Jing-Quan;Zhang, Dongya;Xiao, Chuanxing;Zhu, Dan;Koya, Jagadish B.;Wei, Liuya;Li, Jilin;Chen, Zhe-Sheng

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自发现以来,许多研究都强调了微生物群在健康和疾病中的作用。根据局部区域,微生物群可以分为肠道,口腔,呼吸道和皮肤微生物群。微生物群落与宿主共生,有助于体内平衡和调节免疫功能。然而,微生物群失调会导致身体功能失调和疾病,包括心血管疾病(CVD),癌症,呼吸系统疾病等。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了微生物群如何与宿主健康或发病机制联系起来的现有知识。本文首先综述了健康条件下微生物群的研究,包括肠-脑轴、定植抵抗和免疫调节。然后,我们强调了微生物群生态失调在疾病发展和进展中的发病机制,主要与群落组成的失调,宿主免疫反应的调节和慢性炎症的诱导有关。最后,我们介绍了利用微生物群进行疾病治疗的临床方法,如微生物群调节和粪便微生物移植。
The role of microbiota in health and diseases is being highlighted by numerous studies since its discovery. Depending on the localized regions, microbiota can be classified into gut, oral, respiratory, and skin microbiota. The microbial communities are in symbiosis with the host, contributing to homeostasis and regulating immune function. However, microbiota dysbiosis can lead to dysregulation of bodily functions and diseases including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancers, respiratory diseases, etc. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of how microbiota links to host health or pathogenesis. We first summarize the research of microbiota in healthy conditions, including the gut-brain axis, colonization resistance and immune modulation. Then, we highlight the pathogenesis of microbiota dysbiosis in disease development and progression, primarily associated with dysregulation of community composition, modulation of host immune response, and induction of chronic inflammation. Finally, we introduce the clinical approaches that utilize microbiota for disease treatment, such as microbiota modulation and fecal microbial transplantation.
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