Mitigation Lessons from the July 17, 1998 Papua New Guinea Tsunami
Mitigation Lessons from the July 17, 1998 Papua New Guinea Tsunami
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1998 年 7 月 17 日巴布亚新几内亚海啸的缓解教训
DOI：
10.1007/s00024-003-2417-x
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发表时间：
2003
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
J. Preuss
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. Dengler;J. Preuss
摘要-1998年7月17日的海啸造成2100多人死亡，至少800人受伤，严重到需要住院治疗，超过1万人永久流离失所，并扰乱了巴布亚新几内亚东部桑多恩省沿海社区的社会和经济框架。由于未能告知受灾地区以外的影响程度，对这场灾难的初步反应推迟了16个小时。一旦知道了灾难的范围，国际援助就迅速而大量地提供了。提供了医疗队、用品、空运和流动野战医院，以协助国家医务人员和设施。为流离失所的幸存者建立了七个护理中心。除了国家复兴基金和天主教教区的大量捐款外，19个国家和17个非政府组织(非政府组织)捐赠了价值600多万美元的资金、救济和重建用品。三个Malol村、两个Arop村、四个Sissano村和Warupu村被永久遗弃，并在内陆建立了新的村庄。关闭泻湖和限制沿海捕鱼影响了邻近村庄和海啸幸存者。到海啸发生两周年时，学校、供水和卫生系统以及一些道路的建设已经完成。幸存者得到了工具和建筑用品，以建造新的家园、独木舟和捕鱼设备。由于许多响应机构和组织之间的协调困难，幸存者和托管中心所在村庄的日常工作中断，以及外部援助人员在灾难发生前被隔离的地区的闯入，救援和恢复工作变得复杂起来。适应新的村庄地点一直很困难，因为它们位于内陆，温度更高，虫害更多，水和卫生设施也有困难。海啸造成的大量伤亡是几个因素的结果：人口集中在海啸影响最大的地区。发生的日期和时间。村庄选址在易受攻击的沙坑上。居民在感受到地震后没有自我疏散。在动员反应方面有很大的延误。然而，由于空运和医疗队的快速部署以及大规模的国际救援支持，进一步的损失可能会减少。海啸通过搬迁村庄、提高认识和教育项目，影响了西萨诺地区长期缓解海啸的努力。它还通过阐明山体滑坡引发的海啸的潜在危险和媒体对海啸危害的报道，对其他国家的减灾工作产生了重大影响。
Abstract— The July 17, 1998 tsunami killed over 2,100 people, injured at least 800 severely enough to require hospitalization, permanently displaced over 10,000 and disrupted the social and economic framework of the coastal communities of eastern Saundaun Province, Papua New Guinea. Initial response to the disaster was delayed 16 hours because of the failure to communicate the magnitude of the impact outside the affected area. Once the scope of the disaster was known, international assistance was rapid and substantial. Medical teams, supplies, air transport and mobile field hospitals were provided to assist national medical personnel and facilities. Seven care centers were established for the displaced survivors. Nineteen countries and 17 NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations) donated money, relief and rebuilding supplies valued at over 6 million US$ in addition to substantial contributions from national recovery funds and the Catholic Diocese. The three Malol villages, two Arop, four Sissano and the Warupu village were permanently abandoned and new villages established inland. Closure of the lagoon and restriction of coastal fishing impacted adjacent villages as well as tsunami survivors. By the second anniversary of the tsunami construction of schools, water and sanitation systems and some roads had been completed. Survivors were provided tools and building supplies to construct new homes, canoes and fishing equipment. Relief and recovery efforts were complicated by coordination difficulties among the many responding agencies and organizations, the disruption of daily routines for both survivors and villages hosting the care centers, and the intrusion of outside aid workers in a region that had been isolated before the disaster. Adaptation to the new village sites has been difficult due to their inland locations that are hotter, more insect-infested and have water and sanitation difficulties. The high number of casualties from the tsunami was the result of several factors: Population concentrated in the area of maximum tsunami impact. Date and time of occurrence. Siting of villages on vulnerable sand spits. Failure of residents to self-evacuate after feeling the earthquake. Substantial delay in mobilizing response. However, further losses were likely reduced because of the rapid deployment of air transport and medical teams, and massive international relief support. The tsunami has affected long-term tsunami mitigation in the Sissano region through the relocation of villages, heightened awareness and education programs. It has also had a significant effect on mitigation in other countries by illuminating the potential dangers of landslide-generated tsunamis and in media coverage of tsunami hazards.
DOI：
10.1098/rspa.2001.0915
发表时间：
2002-04-08
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Synolakis, CE;Bardet, JP;Tappin, DR
通讯作者：
Tappin, DR