Diminished cortical response to risk and loss during risky decision making in alcohol use disorder.
Diminished cortical response to risk and loss during risky decision making in alcohol use disorder.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108391
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发表时间：
2021-01-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
London ED
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Burnette EM;Grodin EN;Ghahremani DG;Galván A;Kohno M;Ray LA;London ED
冒险的决策是上瘾的一个重要方面。有酒精依赖的人在赌博和其他冒险任务中表现出异常。在气球模拟风险任务(BART)中，参与者依次选择在爆炸风险增加时注入一个虚拟气球以增加潜在回报，或者套现并获利。在之前的一项研究中，酒精依赖者在BART决策过程中的大脑激活与对照组不同，但没有研究风险/回报大小与大脑激活之间的关系，也没有将参与者与对照组进行比较。在这里，我们比较了酒精依赖参与者和对照组在BART决策过程中风险和奖励的大小对大脑激活的影响程度。32名参与者(16名酒精依赖者，16名对照组；5名女性/组)在fMRI期间进行了BART。一项参数分析测试了当参与者选择冒险或套现时，rDLPFC和双侧纹状体感兴趣区的激活与风险/回报大小之间的关系。探索性的全脑体素分析抽水、兑现和爆炸事件中的平均激活也被进行了。与对照组相比，酒精依赖参与者在冒险时对rDLPFC的激活调节较少。探索性分析发现，在包括脑岛在内的集群爆炸中，酒精依赖参与者表现出的兴奋程度低于对照组。在纹状体激活方面没有发现差异。RDLPFC对风险的不敏感和脑岛对损失的不敏感可能导致酒精依赖的决策缺陷。
Risky decision-making is an important facet of addiction. Individuals with alcohol dependence show abnormalities in gambling and other risk-taking tasks. In one such measure, the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART), participants sequentially choose to pump a virtual balloon to increase potential reward while the risk of explosion increases, or to cash-out and take earnings. In a prior study, alcohol-dependent participants differed from controls in brain activation during decision-making on the BART, but the relationship between risk/reward magnitude and brain activation was not studied, nor were participants compared to controls. Here we compared the degree to which risk and magnitude of reward influenced brain activation in alcohol-dependent participants vs. controls during decision-making on the BART. Thirty-two participants (16 alcohol-dependent, 16 control; 5 females/group) performed the BART during fMRI. A parametric analysis tested for a relationship between risk/reward magnitude and activation in rDLPFC and bilateral striatum regions of interest when participants chose to take risk or to cash out. An exploratory whole-brain voxel-wise analysis of mean activation during pumping, cash-out, and explosion events was also conducted. Compared with controls, alcohol-dependent participants displayed less modulation of activation in the rDLPFC when taking risk. Exploratory analyses found that alcohol-dependent participants showed less activation than controls during explosions in a cluster including the insula. No differences were seen in striatal activation. Insensitivity of the rDLPFC to risk and of the insula to loss may contribute to decision-making deficits in alcohol dependence.
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影响因子：
5.7
作者：
Buchel, C;Holmes, AP;Friston, KJ
通讯作者：
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