Neuroendocrine and physiological regulation of intake with particular reference to domesticated ruminant animals
Neuroendocrine and physiological regulation of intake with particular reference to domesticated ruminant animals
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摄入量的神经内分泌和生理调节，特别是驯养反刍动物
DOI：
10.1017/s0954422408138744
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发表时间：
2008
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
David W Miller
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Roche;D. Blache;J. Kay;Dale R. Miller;A. Sheahan;David W Miller
中枢神经系统担负着感知营养摄入和身体储备、整合信息、调节能量摄入和/或能量消耗的动态平衡作用。很少有受大脑控制的任务具有更大的生存价值，尤其是在养殖的反刍动物物种中，因为在这些物种中，怀孕、哺乳和/或生长的需求通常不容易通过以植物为基础的、有时营养稀少的饲料来满足。有关代谢状态的信息可以通过一系列不同的信号传递到大脑的食欲控制中心，例如刺激迷走神经，或来自脑下垂体、脂肪组织、胃/皱胃、肠道、胰腺和/或肌肉的代谢反馈因素。这些信号直接作用于位于下丘脑中层弓状核的神经元，这是大脑的一个关键整合，也是饥饿(厌食)和饱足(厌食)的控制中心。对人类肥胖和相关疾病的兴趣推动了这一领域的大量研究工作，从而增加了对影响饲料摄入量的慢性和急性因素的了解。近年来，研究表明，这些结果与动物生产有关，生产中的遗传选择被发现影响食欲激素，饲料被发现降低食欲信号的急性控制者的浓度，以及外源促食欲激素(即生长激素或Ghrelin)的应用据报道增加了反刍动物和单胃动物的DM摄入量。综述了影响下丘脑厌食和厌食控制中心因素的知识现状，特别是与家养反刍动物相关的因素，并确定了未来研究的潜在途径。
The central nervous system undertakes the homeostatic role of sensing nutrient intake and body reserves, integrating the information, and regulating energy intake and/or energy expenditure. Few tasks regulated by the brain hold greater survival value, particularly important in farmed ruminant species, where the demands of pregnancy, lactation and/or growth are not easily met by often bulky plant-based and sometimes nutrient-sparse diets. Information regarding metabolic state can be transmitted to the appetite control centres of the brain by a diverse array of signals, such as stimulation of the vagus nerve, or metabolic ‘feedback’ factors derived from the pituitary gland, adipose tissue, stomach/abomasum, intestine, pancreas and/or muscle. These signals act directly on the neurons located in the arcuate nucleus of the medio-basal hypothalamus, a key integration, and hunger (orexigenic) and satiety (anorexigenic) control centre of the brain. Interest in human obesity and associated disorders has fuelled considerable research effort in this area, resulting in increased understanding of chronic and acute factors influencing feed intake. In recent years, research has demonstrated that these results have relevance to animal production, with genetic selection for production found to affect orexigenic hormones, feeding found to reduce the concentration of acute controllers of orexigenic signals, and exogenous administration of orexigenic hormones (i.e. growth hormone or ghrelin) reportedly increasing DM intake in ruminant animals as well as single-stomached species. The current state of knowledge on factors influencing the hypothalamic orexigenic and anorexigenic control centres is reviewed, particularly as it relates to domesticated ruminant animals, and potential avenues for future research are identified.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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影响因子：
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DOI：
10.1152/ajpregu.1984.247.2.r393
发表时间：
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期刊：
The American journal of physiology
影响因子：
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作者：
Woods,SC;Stein,LJ;McKay,LD;PorteJr,D
通讯作者：
PorteJr,D