Position space and motor synergies: A comparative perspective
Position space and motor synergies: A comparative perspective
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位置空间和运动协同：比较视角
DOI：
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发表时间：
1985
影响因子：
29.3
通讯作者：
Hon C. Kwan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gary Goldberg;Hon C. Kwan
摘要：一种理解人体姿势运动组织的方案以立场文件的形式发展。人体的结构特征和肌肉动作的几何形状被纳入人体运动力学在矢状面三维图形表示。一系列神经组织假设在理论上限制了无限数量的肌肉收缩组合和相关的运动轨迹来执行姿势纠正：(1)控制被组织为使用最少数量的肌肉；(2)频繁执行的动作被组织为需要最少的神经决策。这些假设导致的预测，姿势运动是由肌肉收缩策略衍生的一组有限的不同的收缩模式。与支撑结构和身体稳定性要求有关的两个机械约束的施加，预测了个人运动策略将在何种条件下部署。一个补充的组织方案的感官发展。我们表明，将姿势运动组织成不同策略的组合简化了对感觉输入的解释。通过将复杂的反馈信息分解成一系列与运动策略参数相关的标量，可以实现运动策略的微调。例如，单个策略生成的运动轨迹的大小、目标和曲率可以独立调整。报告的后半部分将理论预测与一系列对正常受试者和已知感觉和运动障碍患者的实际实验观察进行了比较。实际的姿势运动符合关于个体运动策略组成和每种策略使用条件的理论预测。对患者的观察表明，在组织的逻辑过程中，单个步骤的故障如何导致特定的运动异常。讨论的重点是需要进一步试验的领域和拟议的组织方案的影响。我们得出的结论是，尽管我们的组织方案在证明需要简化运动的神经控制方面并不新颖，但它可能是在连续机械系统上施加离散逻辑控制的原始方案。该方案的吸引力在于它提供了一个与机械和生理信息兼容的框架，并且可以进行实验测试。
Abstract A scheme for understanding the organization of human postural movements is developed in the format of a position paper. The structural characteristics of the body and the geometry of muscular actions are incorporated into a three-dimensional graphical representation of human movement mechanics in the sagittal plane. A series of neural organizational hypotheses limit a theoretically infinite number of combinations of muscle contractions and associated movement trajectories for performing postural corrections: (1) Controls are organized to use the minimum number of muscles; (2) frequently performed movements are organized to require a minimum of neural decision-making. These hypotheses lead to the prediction that postural movements are composed of muscle contractile strategies derived from a limited set of distinct contractile patterns. The imposition of two mechanical constraints related to the configuration of support and to requirements for body stability with respect to gravity predict the conditions under which individual movement strategies will be deployed. A complementary organizational scheme for the senses is developed. We show that organization of postural movements into combinations of distinct strategies simplifies the interpretation of sensory inputs. The fine-tuning of movement strategies can be accomplished by breaking down the complex array of feedback information into a series of scalar quantities related to the parameters of the movement strategies. For example, the magnitude, aim, and curvature of the movement trajectory generated by an individual strategy can be adjusted independently. The second half of the report compares theoretical predictions with a series of actual experimental observations on normal subjects and patients with known sensory and motor disorders. Actual postural movements conform to theoretical predictions about the composition of individual movement strategies and the conditions under which each strategy is used. Observations on patients suggest how breakdowns in individual steps within the logical process of organization can lead to specific movement abnormalities. Discussion focuses on the areas needing further experimentation and on the implications of the proposed organizational scheme. We conclude that although our organizational scheme is not new in demonstrating the need for simplifying the neural control of movement, it is perhaps original in imposing discrete logical control upon a continuous mechanical system. The attraction of the scheme is that it provides a framework compatible with both mechanical and physiological information and amenable to experimental testing.
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
GUTHRIE, BL;PORTER, JD;SPARKS, DL
通讯作者：
SPARKS, DL
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
E. Saltzman;J. Kelso
通讯作者：
E. Saltzman;J. Kelso